Chemically modified rice husk as an effective adsorbent for removal of palladium ions

Bio-matrix of rice husk and Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) was modified with alizarin red S for preconcentration of Pd(2+) prior flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. The prepared bio-matrix (RH@MCM-41@ARS) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDX) and surface area studies. The impact of different parameters (solution pH, amount of sorbent, contact time, sample volume, initial Pd(2+) concentration and diverse ions) on the uptake of Pd(2+) were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pd(2+) onto RH@MCM-41@ARS was 198.2 mg g(−1) at optimum conditions. Applying the optimized procedure as a preconcentration step led to limit of detection of 0.13 μg L(−1) and dynamic analytical range up to 500 μg L(−1). The sorbent was regenerated by 0.5 mol L(−1) thiourea for at least 10 cycles without significant reduction of adsorption capacity. The method was applied for preconcentration of Pd(2+) from real samples.