Altered Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation in Healthy Subjects After 36 h Sleep Deprivation

Objective: To investigate regional brain activity alteration in healthy subjects in a sleep deprivation (SD) status relative to a rested wakefulness status using a percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) method. Methods: A total of 20 healthy participants (12 males, 8 females; age, 22.25 ± 1.12 years) were recruited. All participants underwent attention tests and resting-state functional MRI scans during rested wakefulness before SD and after 36 h SD, respectively. The PerAF method was applied to identify SD-related regional brain activity alteration. A ROC curve was conducted to evaluate the ability of the PerAF method in distinguishing different sleep statuses. The relationships between SD-induced brain alterations and attention deficits were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: SD resulted in a 2.23% decrease in accuracy rate and an 8.82% increase in reaction time. SD was associated with increased PerAF differences in the bilateral visual cortex and bilateral sensorimotor cortex, and was associated with decreased PerAF differences in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe. These SD-induced brain alterations exhibited a high discriminatory power of extremely high AUC values (0.993–1) in distinguishing the two statuses. The accuracy rate positively correlated with the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and negatively correlated with the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Conclusions: Acute SD could lead to an ~8% attention deficit, which was associated with regional brain activity deficits. The PerAF method might work as a potential sensitivity biomarker for identifying different sleep statuses.