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A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children under five years of age. As there is no specific treatment for RSV infections, prophylaxis with the specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab (PVZ) has been widely recommended for high-risk cases...

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Autores principales: Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra, Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires, Xavier, Cilene da Silva, de Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves, Cruz, Luciane Nascimento, Polanczyk, Carisi Anne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Instituto de Medicina Tropical 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7845933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33533808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202163005
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author Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra
Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires
Xavier, Cilene da Silva
de Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves
Cruz, Luciane Nascimento
Polanczyk, Carisi Anne
author_facet Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra
Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires
Xavier, Cilene da Silva
de Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves
Cruz, Luciane Nascimento
Polanczyk, Carisi Anne
author_sort Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra
collection PubMed
description Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children under five years of age. As there is no specific treatment for RSV infections, prophylaxis with the specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab (PVZ) has been widely recommended for high-risk cases during the RSV season. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a public prophylaxis program with palivizumab on the incidence of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections and RSV in children at high risk for severe RSV infections. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with preterm children or children under two years of age with chronic lung disease or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease; the children were selected on the basis of their exposure status, which was defined as the prophylactic use of palivizumab during the RSV season. Children were enrolled retrospectively in two hospitals located in Southern Brazil, from May 2009 to August 2016. In a sample of 129 children, 69 (53.5%) received palivizumab and adherence to three or more doses was observed in 78%; 60 (46.5%) children did not receive palivizumab. PVZ prophylaxis was independently associated with a 66% reduction in hospitalizations for any cause (26/69 - 37.7%) in the PVZ group and 34/60 (56.7%) in the control group). A 52% reduction in hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infection was observed in the PVZ group (15/69 -21.7%) and 25/60 (41.7%) in the control group. These findings suggest that, for the group of studied patients, the adoption of an RSV prophylaxis scheme reached the same effectiveness as those described in previous clinical trials.
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spelling pubmed-78459332021-02-05 A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires Xavier, Cilene da Silva de Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves Cruz, Luciane Nascimento Polanczyk, Carisi Anne Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Original Article Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children under five years of age. As there is no specific treatment for RSV infections, prophylaxis with the specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab (PVZ) has been widely recommended for high-risk cases during the RSV season. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a public prophylaxis program with palivizumab on the incidence of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections and RSV in children at high risk for severe RSV infections. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with preterm children or children under two years of age with chronic lung disease or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease; the children were selected on the basis of their exposure status, which was defined as the prophylactic use of palivizumab during the RSV season. Children were enrolled retrospectively in two hospitals located in Southern Brazil, from May 2009 to August 2016. In a sample of 129 children, 69 (53.5%) received palivizumab and adherence to three or more doses was observed in 78%; 60 (46.5%) children did not receive palivizumab. PVZ prophylaxis was independently associated with a 66% reduction in hospitalizations for any cause (26/69 - 37.7%) in the PVZ group and 34/60 (56.7%) in the control group). A 52% reduction in hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infection was observed in the PVZ group (15/69 -21.7%) and 25/60 (41.7%) in the control group. These findings suggest that, for the group of studied patients, the adoption of an RSV prophylaxis scheme reached the same effectiveness as those described in previous clinical trials. Instituto de Medicina Tropical 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7845933/ /pubmed/33533808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202163005 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra
Ferreira, Maria Angélica Pires
Xavier, Cilene da Silva
de Souza, Ires Tarsila Alves
Cruz, Luciane Nascimento
Polanczyk, Carisi Anne
A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title_full A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title_fullStr A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title_full_unstemmed A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title_short A post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the Brazilian public health system
title_sort post-incorporation study on the use of palivizumab in the brazilian public health system
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7845933/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33533808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202163005
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