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Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia

Calcium (Ca(+2)) is a divalent cation that plays a critical role in numerous body functions such as skeletal mineralization, signal transduction, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation. Ca(+2) metabolism is linked to magnesium (Mg(+2)) and phosphate metabolism. Ca(+2 )homeostasi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Tinawi, Mohammad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7849212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33542868
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12420
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author Tinawi, Mohammad
author_facet Tinawi, Mohammad
author_sort Tinawi, Mohammad
collection PubMed
description Calcium (Ca(+2)) is a divalent cation that plays a critical role in numerous body functions such as skeletal mineralization, signal transduction, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation. Ca(+2) metabolism is linked to magnesium (Mg(+2)) and phosphate metabolism. Ca(+2 )homeostasis is dependent on intestinal absorption, bone turnover, and renal reabsorption. The hormonal regulators of these processes are the parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol {1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]}, and serum ionized Ca(+2). Cloning of the Ca(+2)-sensing receptor (CaSR) has greatly advanced the understanding of Ca(+2) metabolism. Disorders of Ca(+2) metabolism are easily recognized because Ca(+2) is included in routine chemistry panels. Measurement of ionized Ca(+2) is the preferred way to ascertain the diagnosis of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia.
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spelling pubmed-78492122021-02-03 Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia Tinawi, Mohammad Cureus Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism Calcium (Ca(+2)) is a divalent cation that plays a critical role in numerous body functions such as skeletal mineralization, signal transduction, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation. Ca(+2) metabolism is linked to magnesium (Mg(+2)) and phosphate metabolism. Ca(+2 )homeostasis is dependent on intestinal absorption, bone turnover, and renal reabsorption. The hormonal regulators of these processes are the parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol {1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]}, and serum ionized Ca(+2). Cloning of the Ca(+2)-sensing receptor (CaSR) has greatly advanced the understanding of Ca(+2) metabolism. Disorders of Ca(+2) metabolism are easily recognized because Ca(+2) is included in routine chemistry panels. Measurement of ionized Ca(+2) is the preferred way to ascertain the diagnosis of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Cureus 2021-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7849212/ /pubmed/33542868 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12420 Text en Copyright © 2021, Tinawi et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
Tinawi, Mohammad
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title_full Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title_fullStr Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title_full_unstemmed Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title_short Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
title_sort disorders of calcium metabolism: hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
topic Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7849212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33542868
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12420
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