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Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients
BACKGROUND: Elderly patients receiving nasal feeding have weaker physiological function, and placement of a nasogastric tube weakens the natural barrier of the cardia-esophageal sphincter; therefore, the risk of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is higher. Many studies have shown that pepsin is extremel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7850846/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4721812 |
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author | Ding, Yu Hou, Huiru Liu, Miao Wang, Xiaoyuan Xu, Yue Shi, Haiyan Du, Haitao Wang, Liyuan |
author_facet | Ding, Yu Hou, Huiru Liu, Miao Wang, Xiaoyuan Xu, Yue Shi, Haiyan Du, Haitao Wang, Liyuan |
author_sort | Ding, Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Elderly patients receiving nasal feeding have weaker physiological function, and placement of a nasogastric tube weakens the natural barrier of the cardia-esophageal sphincter; therefore, the risk of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is higher. Many studies have shown that pepsin is extremely sensitive in predicting GERD, so this study intends to investigate the level of pepsin in saliva of elderly patients with nasal feeding and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2018 to October 2018 who received nasal feeding were included. One ml of saliva was collected from each patient in while sitting during fasting in the morning and 1 hour after lunch for 3 consecutive days. Pepsin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were predivided into two groups (≥7.75μg/ml or <7.75μg/ml) based on the median pepsin. Baseline and clinical factors were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 91.09 ± 4.91 years. There were statistical differences in diabetes and feeding methods between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between the morning and postprandial pepsin levels (r = 0.442, P < 0.001), and has no statistical difference (P = 0.175). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for higher pepsin levels were diabetes (odds ratio (OR): 2.67; 95% CI: 1.225-5.819, P = 0.013) and nasal feeding methods (OR: 2.475; 95% CI: 1.183-5.180, P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing nasal feeding who are older than 80 years, the fasting and 1-hour postprandial pepsin concentration were consistent. Diabetes and feeding methods are risk factors for high pepsin levels. For the elderly over 80 years old, age has no influence on pepsin concentration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7850846 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78508462021-02-08 Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients Ding, Yu Hou, Huiru Liu, Miao Wang, Xiaoyuan Xu, Yue Shi, Haiyan Du, Haitao Wang, Liyuan Biomed Res Int Research Article BACKGROUND: Elderly patients receiving nasal feeding have weaker physiological function, and placement of a nasogastric tube weakens the natural barrier of the cardia-esophageal sphincter; therefore, the risk of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is higher. Many studies have shown that pepsin is extremely sensitive in predicting GERD, so this study intends to investigate the level of pepsin in saliva of elderly patients with nasal feeding and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2018 to October 2018 who received nasal feeding were included. One ml of saliva was collected from each patient in while sitting during fasting in the morning and 1 hour after lunch for 3 consecutive days. Pepsin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were predivided into two groups (≥7.75μg/ml or <7.75μg/ml) based on the median pepsin. Baseline and clinical factors were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 91.09 ± 4.91 years. There were statistical differences in diabetes and feeding methods between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between the morning and postprandial pepsin levels (r = 0.442, P < 0.001), and has no statistical difference (P = 0.175). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for higher pepsin levels were diabetes (odds ratio (OR): 2.67; 95% CI: 1.225-5.819, P = 0.013) and nasal feeding methods (OR: 2.475; 95% CI: 1.183-5.180, P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing nasal feeding who are older than 80 years, the fasting and 1-hour postprandial pepsin concentration were consistent. Diabetes and feeding methods are risk factors for high pepsin levels. For the elderly over 80 years old, age has no influence on pepsin concentration. Hindawi 2021-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7850846/ /pubmed/33564676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4721812 Text en Copyright © 2021 Yu Ding et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ding, Yu Hou, Huiru Liu, Miao Wang, Xiaoyuan Xu, Yue Shi, Haiyan Du, Haitao Wang, Liyuan Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title | Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title_full | Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title_fullStr | Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title_short | Analysis of Pepsin Concentration and Influencing Factors in Saliva of Elderly Nasal Feeding Patients |
title_sort | analysis of pepsin concentration and influencing factors in saliva of elderly nasal feeding patients |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7850846/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4721812 |
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