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Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as an antiviral factor by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957, but they are now known to also modulate innate and adaptive immunity and suppress proliferation of cancer cells. While much has been revealed about IFN-I, it remains a mystery as to why there ar...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7850986/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33542718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.605673 |
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author | Wittling, Megen C. Cahalan, Shannon R. Levenson, Eric A. Rabin, Ronald L. |
author_facet | Wittling, Megen C. Cahalan, Shannon R. Levenson, Eric A. Rabin, Ronald L. |
author_sort | Wittling, Megen C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as an antiviral factor by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957, but they are now known to also modulate innate and adaptive immunity and suppress proliferation of cancer cells. While much has been revealed about IFN-I, it remains a mystery as to why there are 16 different IFN-I gene products, including IFNβ, IFNω, and 12 subtypes of IFNα. Here, we discuss shared and unique aspects of these IFN-I in the context of their evolution, expression patterns, and signaling through their shared heterodimeric receptor. We propose that rather than investigating responses to individual IFN-I, these contexts can serve as an alternative approach toward investigating roles for IFNα subtypes. Finally, we review uses of IFNα and IFNβ as therapeutic agents to suppress chronic viral infections or to treat multiple sclerosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7850986 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78509862021-02-03 Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes Wittling, Megen C. Cahalan, Shannon R. Levenson, Eric A. Rabin, Ronald L. Front Immunol Immunology Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as an antiviral factor by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957, but they are now known to also modulate innate and adaptive immunity and suppress proliferation of cancer cells. While much has been revealed about IFN-I, it remains a mystery as to why there are 16 different IFN-I gene products, including IFNβ, IFNω, and 12 subtypes of IFNα. Here, we discuss shared and unique aspects of these IFN-I in the context of their evolution, expression patterns, and signaling through their shared heterodimeric receptor. We propose that rather than investigating responses to individual IFN-I, these contexts can serve as an alternative approach toward investigating roles for IFNα subtypes. Finally, we review uses of IFNα and IFNβ as therapeutic agents to suppress chronic viral infections or to treat multiple sclerosis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7850986/ /pubmed/33542718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.605673 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wittling, Cahalan, Levenson and Rabin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Wittling, Megen C. Cahalan, Shannon R. Levenson, Eric A. Rabin, Ronald L. Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title | Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title_full | Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title_fullStr | Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title_full_unstemmed | Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title_short | Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes |
title_sort | shared and unique features of human interferon-beta and interferon-alpha subtypes |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7850986/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33542718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.605673 |
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