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Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider

This article aims to review studies that have investigated the role of neurons that use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in controlling the operation of locomotor neural networks within the spinal cord. This cholinergic system has the particularity of being completely intraspinal. We describe the...

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Autores principales: Mille, Théo, Quilgars, Camille, Cazalets, Jean‐René, Bertrand, Sandrine S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7851432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33527727
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14736
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author Mille, Théo
Quilgars, Camille
Cazalets, Jean‐René
Bertrand, Sandrine S.
author_facet Mille, Théo
Quilgars, Camille
Cazalets, Jean‐René
Bertrand, Sandrine S.
author_sort Mille, Théo
collection PubMed
description This article aims to review studies that have investigated the role of neurons that use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in controlling the operation of locomotor neural networks within the spinal cord. This cholinergic system has the particularity of being completely intraspinal. We describe the different effects exerted by spinal cholinergic neurons on locomotor circuitry by the pharmacological activation or blockade of this propriospinal system, as well as describing its different cellular and subcellular targets. Through the activation of one ionotropic receptor, the nicotinic receptor, and five metabotropic receptors, the M1 to M5 muscarinic receptors, the cholinergic system exerts a powerful control both on synaptic transmission and locomotor network neuron excitability. Although tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the spinal cholinergic system's involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of locomotor networks, gaps still remain, including the precise role of the different subtypes of cholinergic neurons as well as their pre‐ and postsynaptic partners. Improving our knowledge of the propriospinal cholinergic system is of major relevance to finding new cellular targets and therapeutics in countering the debilitating effects of neurodegenerative diseases and restoring motor functions after spinal cord injury.
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spelling pubmed-78514322021-02-05 Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider Mille, Théo Quilgars, Camille Cazalets, Jean‐René Bertrand, Sandrine S. Physiol Rep Invited Reviews This article aims to review studies that have investigated the role of neurons that use the transmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in controlling the operation of locomotor neural networks within the spinal cord. This cholinergic system has the particularity of being completely intraspinal. We describe the different effects exerted by spinal cholinergic neurons on locomotor circuitry by the pharmacological activation or blockade of this propriospinal system, as well as describing its different cellular and subcellular targets. Through the activation of one ionotropic receptor, the nicotinic receptor, and five metabotropic receptors, the M1 to M5 muscarinic receptors, the cholinergic system exerts a powerful control both on synaptic transmission and locomotor network neuron excitability. Although tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the spinal cholinergic system's involvement in the physiology and pathophysiology of locomotor networks, gaps still remain, including the precise role of the different subtypes of cholinergic neurons as well as their pre‐ and postsynaptic partners. Improving our knowledge of the propriospinal cholinergic system is of major relevance to finding new cellular targets and therapeutics in countering the debilitating effects of neurodegenerative diseases and restoring motor functions after spinal cord injury. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7851432/ /pubmed/33527727 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14736 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Invited Reviews
Mille, Théo
Quilgars, Camille
Cazalets, Jean‐René
Bertrand, Sandrine S.
Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title_full Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title_fullStr Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title_full_unstemmed Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title_short Acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: The insider
title_sort acetylcholine and spinal locomotor networks: the insider
topic Invited Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7851432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33527727
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14736
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