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An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters

The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irr...

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Autores principales: Søgaard, Dorte H., Sorrell, Brian K., Sejr, Mikael K., Andersen, Per, Rysgaard, Søren, Hansen, Per Juel, Skyttä, Annaliina, Lemcke, Signe, Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7858608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33536514
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y
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author Søgaard, Dorte H.
Sorrell, Brian K.
Sejr, Mikael K.
Andersen, Per
Rysgaard, Søren
Hansen, Per Juel
Skyttä, Annaliina
Lemcke, Signe
Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten
author_facet Søgaard, Dorte H.
Sorrell, Brian K.
Sejr, Mikael K.
Andersen, Per
Rysgaard, Søren
Hansen, Per Juel
Skyttä, Annaliina
Lemcke, Signe
Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten
author_sort Søgaard, Dorte H.
collection PubMed
description The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m(−2) new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean.
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spelling pubmed-78586082021-02-04 An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters Søgaard, Dorte H. Sorrell, Brian K. Sejr, Mikael K. Andersen, Per Rysgaard, Søren Hansen, Per Juel Skyttä, Annaliina Lemcke, Signe Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten Sci Rep Article The pelagic spring bloom is essential for Arctic marine food webs, and a crucial driver of carbon transport to the ocean depths. A critical challenge is understanding its timing and magnitude, to predict its changes in coming decades. Spring bloom onset is typically light-limited, beginning when irradiance increases or during ice breakup. Here we report an acute 9-day under-ice algal bloom in nutrient-poor, freshwater-influenced water under 1-m thick sea ice. It was dominated by mixotrophic brackish water haptophytes (Chrysochromulina/ Prymnesium) that produced 5.7 g C m(−2) new production. This estimate represents about half the annual pelagic production, occurring below sea ice with a large contribution from the mixotrophic algae bloom. The freshwater-influenced, nutrient-dilute and low light environment combined with mixotrophic community dominance implies that phagotrophy played a critical role in the under-ice bloom. We argue that such blooms dominated by potentially toxic mixotrophic algae might become more common and widespread in the future Arctic Ocean. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7858608/ /pubmed/33536514 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Søgaard, Dorte H.
Sorrell, Brian K.
Sejr, Mikael K.
Andersen, Per
Rysgaard, Søren
Hansen, Per Juel
Skyttä, Annaliina
Lemcke, Signe
Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten
An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title_full An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title_fullStr An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title_full_unstemmed An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title_short An under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced Arctic waters
title_sort under-ice bloom of mixotrophic haptophytes in low nutrient and freshwater-influenced arctic waters
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7858608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33536514
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82413-y
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