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Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining infor...

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Autores principales: Hashemi, Hassan, Pakzad, Reza, Heydarian, Samira, Yekta, AbbasAli, Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi, Mortazavi, Mahdi, Ramin, Shahroukh, Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33553835
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003
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author Hashemi, Hassan
Pakzad, Reza
Heydarian, Samira
Yekta, AbbasAli
Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi
Mortazavi, Mahdi
Ramin, Shahroukh
Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
author_facet Hashemi, Hassan
Pakzad, Reza
Heydarian, Samira
Yekta, AbbasAli
Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi
Mortazavi, Mahdi
Ramin, Shahroukh
Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
author_sort Hashemi, Hassan
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining informed consent, all subjects underwent ophthalmologic and optometric examinations. Corneal imaging by the Pentacam was done in subjects above 5 years between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., at least 3 h after wakeup. All subjects who had abnormal keratoconus indices were excluded. Our main outcome was keratometry-flat (K(f)), keratometry-steep (K(s)), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI). RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of K(f), K(s), KI, and CKI was 43.12 ± 1.74, 44.25 ± 1.65, 1.02 ± 0.02, and 1.01 ± 0.01, respectively. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean index surface variance (ISV) (b: -1.367, P < 0.001), index vertical asymmetry (IVA) (b: -0.012, P < 0.001), KI (b: -0.011, P < 0.001), CKI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), index height asymmetry (IHA) (b: -0.491, P: 0.005), and index height decentration (IHD) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) were lower in men compared to women. Moreover, age had an indirect association with ISV (b: -0.030, P < 0.001) and average pachymetric progression index (RPI_avg) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), and a direct association with KI, CKI, and IHA. Spherical equivalence had an indirect association with KI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) and RPI_avg (b: -0.004, P < 0.001) and a direct association with CKI (b: 0.001, P < 0.001). Among all variables, sex had the greatest impact on ISV, IVA, KI, IHA, IHD, and minimum sagittal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: The Keratoconus indices of our study were similar to other studies. Although age, living place, and type of refractive error were associated with some indices, sex was the strongest determinant of Keratoconus indices in a population of healthy eyes.
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spelling pubmed-78611102021-02-05 Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population Hashemi, Hassan Pakzad, Reza Heydarian, Samira Yekta, AbbasAli Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi Mortazavi, Mahdi Ramin, Shahroukh Khabazkhoob, Mehdi J Curr Ophthalmol Original Article PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining informed consent, all subjects underwent ophthalmologic and optometric examinations. Corneal imaging by the Pentacam was done in subjects above 5 years between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., at least 3 h after wakeup. All subjects who had abnormal keratoconus indices were excluded. Our main outcome was keratometry-flat (K(f)), keratometry-steep (K(s)), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI). RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of K(f), K(s), KI, and CKI was 43.12 ± 1.74, 44.25 ± 1.65, 1.02 ± 0.02, and 1.01 ± 0.01, respectively. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean index surface variance (ISV) (b: -1.367, P < 0.001), index vertical asymmetry (IVA) (b: -0.012, P < 0.001), KI (b: -0.011, P < 0.001), CKI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), index height asymmetry (IHA) (b: -0.491, P: 0.005), and index height decentration (IHD) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) were lower in men compared to women. Moreover, age had an indirect association with ISV (b: -0.030, P < 0.001) and average pachymetric progression index (RPI_avg) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), and a direct association with KI, CKI, and IHA. Spherical equivalence had an indirect association with KI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) and RPI_avg (b: -0.004, P < 0.001) and a direct association with CKI (b: 0.001, P < 0.001). Among all variables, sex had the greatest impact on ISV, IVA, KI, IHA, IHD, and minimum sagittal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: The Keratoconus indices of our study were similar to other studies. Although age, living place, and type of refractive error were associated with some indices, sex was the strongest determinant of Keratoconus indices in a population of healthy eyes. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7861110/ /pubmed/33553835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Current Ophthalmology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Hashemi, Hassan
Pakzad, Reza
Heydarian, Samira
Yekta, AbbasAli
Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi
Mortazavi, Mahdi
Ramin, Shahroukh
Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title_full Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title_fullStr Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title_full_unstemmed Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title_short Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
title_sort keratoconus indices and their determinants in healthy eyes of a rural population
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33553835
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003
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