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Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population
PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining infor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33553835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003 |
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author | Hashemi, Hassan Pakzad, Reza Heydarian, Samira Yekta, AbbasAli Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi Mortazavi, Mahdi Ramin, Shahroukh Khabazkhoob, Mehdi |
author_facet | Hashemi, Hassan Pakzad, Reza Heydarian, Samira Yekta, AbbasAli Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi Mortazavi, Mahdi Ramin, Shahroukh Khabazkhoob, Mehdi |
author_sort | Hashemi, Hassan |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining informed consent, all subjects underwent ophthalmologic and optometric examinations. Corneal imaging by the Pentacam was done in subjects above 5 years between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., at least 3 h after wakeup. All subjects who had abnormal keratoconus indices were excluded. Our main outcome was keratometry-flat (K(f)), keratometry-steep (K(s)), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI). RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of K(f), K(s), KI, and CKI was 43.12 ± 1.74, 44.25 ± 1.65, 1.02 ± 0.02, and 1.01 ± 0.01, respectively. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean index surface variance (ISV) (b: -1.367, P < 0.001), index vertical asymmetry (IVA) (b: -0.012, P < 0.001), KI (b: -0.011, P < 0.001), CKI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), index height asymmetry (IHA) (b: -0.491, P: 0.005), and index height decentration (IHD) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) were lower in men compared to women. Moreover, age had an indirect association with ISV (b: -0.030, P < 0.001) and average pachymetric progression index (RPI_avg) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), and a direct association with KI, CKI, and IHA. Spherical equivalence had an indirect association with KI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) and RPI_avg (b: -0.004, P < 0.001) and a direct association with CKI (b: 0.001, P < 0.001). Among all variables, sex had the greatest impact on ISV, IVA, KI, IHA, IHD, and minimum sagittal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: The Keratoconus indices of our study were similar to other studies. Although age, living place, and type of refractive error were associated with some indices, sex was the strongest determinant of Keratoconus indices in a population of healthy eyes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7861110 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer - Medknow |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78611102021-02-05 Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population Hashemi, Hassan Pakzad, Reza Heydarian, Samira Yekta, AbbasAli Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi Mortazavi, Mahdi Ramin, Shahroukh Khabazkhoob, Mehdi J Curr Ophthalmol Original Article PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of keratoconus indices in a 5-93-year-old healthy eyes of a rural population in Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage cluster sampling was applied to select subjects from two villages in the north and southwest of Iran. After obtaining informed consent, all subjects underwent ophthalmologic and optometric examinations. Corneal imaging by the Pentacam was done in subjects above 5 years between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., at least 3 h after wakeup. All subjects who had abnormal keratoconus indices were excluded. Our main outcome was keratometry-flat (K(f)), keratometry-steep (K(s)), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI). RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of K(f), K(s), KI, and CKI was 43.12 ± 1.74, 44.25 ± 1.65, 1.02 ± 0.02, and 1.01 ± 0.01, respectively. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean index surface variance (ISV) (b: -1.367, P < 0.001), index vertical asymmetry (IVA) (b: -0.012, P < 0.001), KI (b: -0.011, P < 0.001), CKI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), index height asymmetry (IHA) (b: -0.491, P: 0.005), and index height decentration (IHD) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) were lower in men compared to women. Moreover, age had an indirect association with ISV (b: -0.030, P < 0.001) and average pachymetric progression index (RPI_avg) (b: -0.001, P < 0.001), and a direct association with KI, CKI, and IHA. Spherical equivalence had an indirect association with KI (b: -0.001, P < 0.001) and RPI_avg (b: -0.004, P < 0.001) and a direct association with CKI (b: 0.001, P < 0.001). Among all variables, sex had the greatest impact on ISV, IVA, KI, IHA, IHD, and minimum sagittal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: The Keratoconus indices of our study were similar to other studies. Although age, living place, and type of refractive error were associated with some indices, sex was the strongest determinant of Keratoconus indices in a population of healthy eyes. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7861110/ /pubmed/33553835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Current Ophthalmology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Hashemi, Hassan Pakzad, Reza Heydarian, Samira Yekta, AbbasAli Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi Mortazavi, Mahdi Ramin, Shahroukh Khabazkhoob, Mehdi Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title | Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title_full | Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title_fullStr | Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title_full_unstemmed | Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title_short | Keratoconus Indices and their Determinants in Healthy Eyes of a Rural Population |
title_sort | keratoconus indices and their determinants in healthy eyes of a rural population |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33553835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.10.003 |
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