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Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment

The environmental conditions of microorganisms’ habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific c...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Boyer, Sébastien, Hérissant, Lucas, Sherlock, Gavin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33493203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009314
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author Boyer, Sébastien
Hérissant, Lucas
Sherlock, Gavin
author_facet Boyer, Sébastien
Hérissant, Lucas
Sherlock, Gavin
author_sort Boyer, Sébastien
collection PubMed
description The environmental conditions of microorganisms’ habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific condition, but they must also be robust across many conditions and be able to deal with the switch between conditions itself. While experimental evolution has been used to gain insight into the adaptive process, this has largely been in either unvarying or consistently varying conditions. In cases where changing environments have been investigated, relatively little is known about how such environments influence the dynamics of the adaptive process itself, as well as the genetic and phenotypic outcomes. We designed a systematic series of evolution experiments where we used two growth conditions that have differing timescales of adaptation and varied the rate of switching between them. We used lineage tracking to follow adaptation, and whole genome sequenced adaptive clones from each of the experiments. We find that both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation. We also find different adaptive outcomes, at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, even when populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but the order and/or switch rate differed. Thus, in a variable environment adaptation depends not only on the nature of the conditions and phenotypes under selection, but also on the complexity of the manner in which those conditions are combined to result in a given dynamic environment.
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spelling pubmed-78615532021-02-12 Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment Boyer, Sébastien Hérissant, Lucas Sherlock, Gavin PLoS Genet Research Article The environmental conditions of microorganisms’ habitats may fluctuate in unpredictable ways, such as changes in temperature, carbon source, pH, and salinity to name a few. Environmental heterogeneity presents a challenge to microorganisms, as they have to adapt not only to be fit under a specific condition, but they must also be robust across many conditions and be able to deal with the switch between conditions itself. While experimental evolution has been used to gain insight into the adaptive process, this has largely been in either unvarying or consistently varying conditions. In cases where changing environments have been investigated, relatively little is known about how such environments influence the dynamics of the adaptive process itself, as well as the genetic and phenotypic outcomes. We designed a systematic series of evolution experiments where we used two growth conditions that have differing timescales of adaptation and varied the rate of switching between them. We used lineage tracking to follow adaptation, and whole genome sequenced adaptive clones from each of the experiments. We find that both the switch rate and the order of the conditions influences adaptation. We also find different adaptive outcomes, at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, even when populations spent the same amount of total time in the two different conditions, but the order and/or switch rate differed. Thus, in a variable environment adaptation depends not only on the nature of the conditions and phenotypes under selection, but also on the complexity of the manner in which those conditions are combined to result in a given dynamic environment. Public Library of Science 2021-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7861553/ /pubmed/33493203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009314 Text en © 2021 Boyer et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Boyer, Sébastien
Hérissant, Lucas
Sherlock, Gavin
Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title_full Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title_fullStr Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title_short Adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
title_sort adaptation is influenced by the complexity of environmental change during evolution in a dynamic environment
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33493203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009314
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