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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ
The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7863964/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22030985 |
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author | Caioni, Giulia Viscido, Angelo d’Angelo, Michele Panella, Gloria Castelli, Vanessa Merola, Carmine Frieri, Giuseppe Latella, Giovanni Cimini, Annamaria Benedetti, Elisabetta |
author_facet | Caioni, Giulia Viscido, Angelo d’Angelo, Michele Panella, Gloria Castelli, Vanessa Merola, Carmine Frieri, Giuseppe Latella, Giovanni Cimini, Annamaria Benedetti, Elisabetta |
author_sort | Caioni, Giulia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulation of the gut immune system resulting in over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence underlines the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the environment, the microbiota seems to play a crucial role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory/immune processes, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, PPARs modulate interactions with several environmental factors, including microbiota. A significantly impaired PPARγ expression was observed in UC patients’ colonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the disruption of PPARγ signaling may represent a critical step of the IBD pathogenesis. This paper will focus on the role of PPARγ in the interaction between environmental factors and IBD, and it will analyze the most suitable in vitro and in vivo models available to better study these relationships. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7863964 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78639642021-02-06 Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ Caioni, Giulia Viscido, Angelo d’Angelo, Michele Panella, Gloria Castelli, Vanessa Merola, Carmine Frieri, Giuseppe Latella, Giovanni Cimini, Annamaria Benedetti, Elisabetta Int J Mol Sci Review The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulation of the gut immune system resulting in over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence underlines the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the environment, the microbiota seems to play a crucial role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory/immune processes, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, PPARs modulate interactions with several environmental factors, including microbiota. A significantly impaired PPARγ expression was observed in UC patients’ colonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the disruption of PPARγ signaling may represent a critical step of the IBD pathogenesis. This paper will focus on the role of PPARγ in the interaction between environmental factors and IBD, and it will analyze the most suitable in vitro and in vivo models available to better study these relationships. MDPI 2021-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7863964/ /pubmed/33498177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22030985 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Caioni, Giulia Viscido, Angelo d’Angelo, Michele Panella, Gloria Castelli, Vanessa Merola, Carmine Frieri, Giuseppe Latella, Giovanni Cimini, Annamaria Benedetti, Elisabetta Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title_full | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title_fullStr | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title_short | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
title_sort | inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into the interplay between environmental factors and pparγ |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7863964/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22030985 |
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