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Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Recently, electronic cigarette (e-cig) usage has increased significantly, making it a potentially effective smoking cessation tool. In Muslim countries, most people who use e-cigarettes fast the month of Ramadan, which results in intermittent fasting. This study aims to reveal the severi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33546764 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13722-021-00219-9 |
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author | Barakat, Muna M. Al-Qudah, Raja’a A. Alfayoumi, Ibrahim Al-Obaidi, Hala Jehad Jirjees, Feras Jassim Basheti, Iman |
author_facet | Barakat, Muna M. Al-Qudah, Raja’a A. Alfayoumi, Ibrahim Al-Obaidi, Hala Jehad Jirjees, Feras Jassim Basheti, Iman |
author_sort | Barakat, Muna M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Recently, electronic cigarette (e-cig) usage has increased significantly, making it a potentially effective smoking cessation tool. In Muslim countries, most people who use e-cigarettes fast the month of Ramadan, which results in intermittent fasting. This study aims to reveal the severity of e-cig withdrawal symptoms among users during this intermittent fasting period. METHODS: A self-administered survey was developed and validated to solicit anonymous responses from e-cig users living in Jordan, through a cross-sectional study design. Participants were recruited through social media resources. Severity scores of physical (out of 11) and psychological (out of 8) withdrawal symptoms for each participant were assessed and calculated for each participant, depending on the symptoms reported. RESULTS: A convenience sample (n = 523) of e-cig adult users were recruited. The majority of the participants were males (96.4%) aged between 18 and 40 years (86.4%). Many participants replaced tobacco smoking with e-cig (53.5%) in order to help them stop smoking. More than half of the participants experienced relatively weak physical (0.82 ± 1.78) and psychological (1.24 ± 1.89) withdrawal symptoms during the month of fasting. Most of the participants (63.2%) preferred to engage themselves with a busy schedule to tolerate the related withdrawal symptoms they experienced. CONCLUSION: E-cigs could play a vital role in smoking cessation among tobacco smokers during intermittent fasting. Ramadan offers a good opportunity for smokers to quit, as the reported physical and psychological e-cig withdrawal symptoms were found to be relatively weak. Awareness and behavioral interventions would help clarify the effect of e-cigs and help determine alternative ways to cease smoking. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7864140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78641402021-02-08 Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study Barakat, Muna M. Al-Qudah, Raja’a A. Alfayoumi, Ibrahim Al-Obaidi, Hala Jehad Jirjees, Feras Jassim Basheti, Iman Addict Sci Clin Pract Research BACKGROUND: Recently, electronic cigarette (e-cig) usage has increased significantly, making it a potentially effective smoking cessation tool. In Muslim countries, most people who use e-cigarettes fast the month of Ramadan, which results in intermittent fasting. This study aims to reveal the severity of e-cig withdrawal symptoms among users during this intermittent fasting period. METHODS: A self-administered survey was developed and validated to solicit anonymous responses from e-cig users living in Jordan, through a cross-sectional study design. Participants were recruited through social media resources. Severity scores of physical (out of 11) and psychological (out of 8) withdrawal symptoms for each participant were assessed and calculated for each participant, depending on the symptoms reported. RESULTS: A convenience sample (n = 523) of e-cig adult users were recruited. The majority of the participants were males (96.4%) aged between 18 and 40 years (86.4%). Many participants replaced tobacco smoking with e-cig (53.5%) in order to help them stop smoking. More than half of the participants experienced relatively weak physical (0.82 ± 1.78) and psychological (1.24 ± 1.89) withdrawal symptoms during the month of fasting. Most of the participants (63.2%) preferred to engage themselves with a busy schedule to tolerate the related withdrawal symptoms they experienced. CONCLUSION: E-cigs could play a vital role in smoking cessation among tobacco smokers during intermittent fasting. Ramadan offers a good opportunity for smokers to quit, as the reported physical and psychological e-cig withdrawal symptoms were found to be relatively weak. Awareness and behavioral interventions would help clarify the effect of e-cigs and help determine alternative ways to cease smoking. BioMed Central 2021-02-05 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7864140/ /pubmed/33546764 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13722-021-00219-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Barakat, Muna M. Al-Qudah, Raja’a A. Alfayoumi, Ibrahim Al-Obaidi, Hala Jehad Jirjees, Feras Jassim Basheti, Iman Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title | Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title_full | Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title_short | Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33546764 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13722-021-00219-9 |
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