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The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting
Bioprinting is a tool increasingly used in tissue engineering laboratories around the world. As an extension to classic tissue engineering, it enables high levels of control over the spatial deposition of cells, materials, and other factors. It is a field with huge promise for the production of impl...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
AIP Publishing LLC
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864677/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564740 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031475 |
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author | Cooke, Megan E. Rosenzweig, Derek H. |
author_facet | Cooke, Megan E. Rosenzweig, Derek H. |
author_sort | Cooke, Megan E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bioprinting is a tool increasingly used in tissue engineering laboratories around the world. As an extension to classic tissue engineering, it enables high levels of control over the spatial deposition of cells, materials, and other factors. It is a field with huge promise for the production of implantable tissues and even organs, but the availability of functional bioinks is a barrier to success. Extrusion bioprinting is the most commonly used technique, where high-viscosity solutions of materials and cells are required to ensure good shape fidelity of the printed tissue construct. This is contradictory to hydrogels used in tissue engineering, which are generally of low viscosity prior to cross-linking to ensure cell viability, making them not directly translatable to bioprinting. This review provides an overview of the important rheological parameters for bioinks and methods to assess printability, as well as the effect of bioink rheology on cell viability. Developments over the last five years in bioink formulations and the use of suspended printing to overcome rheological limitations are then discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7864677 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78646772021-02-08 The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting Cooke, Megan E. Rosenzweig, Derek H. APL Bioeng Reviews Bioprinting is a tool increasingly used in tissue engineering laboratories around the world. As an extension to classic tissue engineering, it enables high levels of control over the spatial deposition of cells, materials, and other factors. It is a field with huge promise for the production of implantable tissues and even organs, but the availability of functional bioinks is a barrier to success. Extrusion bioprinting is the most commonly used technique, where high-viscosity solutions of materials and cells are required to ensure good shape fidelity of the printed tissue construct. This is contradictory to hydrogels used in tissue engineering, which are generally of low viscosity prior to cross-linking to ensure cell viability, making them not directly translatable to bioprinting. This review provides an overview of the important rheological parameters for bioinks and methods to assess printability, as well as the effect of bioink rheology on cell viability. Developments over the last five years in bioink formulations and the use of suspended printing to overcome rheological limitations are then discussed. AIP Publishing LLC 2021-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7864677/ /pubmed/33564740 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031475 Text en © 2021 Author(s). 2473-2877/2021/5(1)/011502/20 All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Reviews Cooke, Megan E. Rosenzweig, Derek H. The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title | The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title_full | The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title_fullStr | The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title_full_unstemmed | The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title_short | The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
title_sort | rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864677/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564740 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031475 |
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