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Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity
Carbon dots (CDs) are photoluminescent nanomaterials with wide-ranging applications. Despite their photoactivity, it remains unknown whether CDs degrade under illumination and whether such photodegradation poses any cytotoxic effects. Here, we show laboratory-synthesized CDs irradiated with light de...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33547279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21080-z |
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author | Liu, Yue-Yue Yu, Nan-Yang Fang, Wen-Di Tan, Qiao-Guo Ji, Rong Yang, Liu-Yan Wei, Si Zhang, Xiao-Wei Miao, Ai-Jun |
author_facet | Liu, Yue-Yue Yu, Nan-Yang Fang, Wen-Di Tan, Qiao-Guo Ji, Rong Yang, Liu-Yan Wei, Si Zhang, Xiao-Wei Miao, Ai-Jun |
author_sort | Liu, Yue-Yue |
collection | PubMed |
description | Carbon dots (CDs) are photoluminescent nanomaterials with wide-ranging applications. Despite their photoactivity, it remains unknown whether CDs degrade under illumination and whether such photodegradation poses any cytotoxic effects. Here, we show laboratory-synthesized CDs irradiated with light degrade into molecules that are toxic to both normal (HEK-293) and cancerous (HeLa and HepG2) human cells. Eight days of irradiation photolyzes 28.6-59.8% of the CDs to <3 kilo Dalton molecules, 1431 of which are detected by high-throughput, non-target high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Molecular network and community analysis further reveal 499 cytotoxicity-related molecules, 212 of which contain polyethylene glycol, glucose, or benzene-related structures. Photo-induced production of hydroxyl and alkyl radicals play important roles in CD degradation as affected by temperature, pH, light intensity and wavelength. Commercial CDs show similar photodegraded products and cytotoxicity profiles, demonstrating that photodegradation-induced cytotoxicity is likely common to CDs regardless of their chemical composition. Our results highlight the importance of light in cytocompatibility studies of CDs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7864953 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78649532021-02-16 Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity Liu, Yue-Yue Yu, Nan-Yang Fang, Wen-Di Tan, Qiao-Guo Ji, Rong Yang, Liu-Yan Wei, Si Zhang, Xiao-Wei Miao, Ai-Jun Nat Commun Article Carbon dots (CDs) are photoluminescent nanomaterials with wide-ranging applications. Despite their photoactivity, it remains unknown whether CDs degrade under illumination and whether such photodegradation poses any cytotoxic effects. Here, we show laboratory-synthesized CDs irradiated with light degrade into molecules that are toxic to both normal (HEK-293) and cancerous (HeLa and HepG2) human cells. Eight days of irradiation photolyzes 28.6-59.8% of the CDs to <3 kilo Dalton molecules, 1431 of which are detected by high-throughput, non-target high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Molecular network and community analysis further reveal 499 cytotoxicity-related molecules, 212 of which contain polyethylene glycol, glucose, or benzene-related structures. Photo-induced production of hydroxyl and alkyl radicals play important roles in CD degradation as affected by temperature, pH, light intensity and wavelength. Commercial CDs show similar photodegraded products and cytotoxicity profiles, demonstrating that photodegradation-induced cytotoxicity is likely common to CDs regardless of their chemical composition. Our results highlight the importance of light in cytocompatibility studies of CDs. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7864953/ /pubmed/33547279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21080-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Yue-Yue Yu, Nan-Yang Fang, Wen-Di Tan, Qiao-Guo Ji, Rong Yang, Liu-Yan Wei, Si Zhang, Xiao-Wei Miao, Ai-Jun Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title | Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title_full | Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title_fullStr | Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title_full_unstemmed | Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title_short | Photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
title_sort | photodegradation of carbon dots cause cytotoxicity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7864953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33547279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21080-z |
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