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Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site
Broad-spectrum cytotoxic drugs have been used in cancer therapy for decades. However, their lack of specificity to cancer cells often results in serious side-effects, limiting efficacy. For this reason, antibodies have been used to attempt to specifically target cytotoxic drugs to tumours. One such...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865317/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030625 |
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author | Aldughaim, Mohammed S. Alsaffar, Fatimah Barker, Michael D. |
author_facet | Aldughaim, Mohammed S. Alsaffar, Fatimah Barker, Michael D. |
author_sort | Aldughaim, Mohammed S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Broad-spectrum cytotoxic drugs have been used in cancer therapy for decades. However, their lack of specificity to cancer cells often results in serious side-effects, limiting efficacy. For this reason, antibodies have been used to attempt to specifically target cytotoxic drugs to tumours. One such approach is antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) which uses a tumour-directed monoclonal antibody, coupled to an enzyme, to convert a systemically administered non-toxic prodrug into a toxic one only at the tumour site. Among the main drawbacks of ADEPT is the immunogenicity of the antibody-enzyme complex, which is exacerbated by slow clearance due to size, hence limiting repeated administration. Additionally, the mono-specificity of the antibody could potentially result in drug resistance with repeated administration. We have identified a novel short peptide sequence, p700, derived from a human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), which binds to and inhibits a number of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (VEGFRs1-3, FGFRs 1-4 and PDGFRα) which are known to be upregulated in many tumours and tumour vasculature. In this report, we fused p700 to His-tagged, codon-optimised, carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2). CPG2 is a bacterial enzyme used in ADEPT, which activates potent nitrogen-mustard pro-drugs by removal of an inhibitory glutamic acid residue. Recombinant CPG2-p700 was highly expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Biolayer interferometry showed that CPG2-p700 had a 100-fold increase in binding affinity for VEGFR2 compared with CPG2 alone and retained its catalytic activity, as determined by methotrexate cleavage. In the presence of CPG2-p700, the ZD2676P pro-drug showed significant cytotoxicity for 4T1 cells compared with prodrug alone or CPG2 alone. p700 is, therefore, a potentially useful alternative to monoclonal antibodies for enzyme pro-drug therapy and could equally be used for effective delivery of other cytotoxic drugs to tumour tissue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7865317 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78653172021-02-07 Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site Aldughaim, Mohammed S. Alsaffar, Fatimah Barker, Michael D. Molecules Article Broad-spectrum cytotoxic drugs have been used in cancer therapy for decades. However, their lack of specificity to cancer cells often results in serious side-effects, limiting efficacy. For this reason, antibodies have been used to attempt to specifically target cytotoxic drugs to tumours. One such approach is antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) which uses a tumour-directed monoclonal antibody, coupled to an enzyme, to convert a systemically administered non-toxic prodrug into a toxic one only at the tumour site. Among the main drawbacks of ADEPT is the immunogenicity of the antibody-enzyme complex, which is exacerbated by slow clearance due to size, hence limiting repeated administration. Additionally, the mono-specificity of the antibody could potentially result in drug resistance with repeated administration. We have identified a novel short peptide sequence, p700, derived from a human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), which binds to and inhibits a number of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (VEGFRs1-3, FGFRs 1-4 and PDGFRα) which are known to be upregulated in many tumours and tumour vasculature. In this report, we fused p700 to His-tagged, codon-optimised, carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2). CPG2 is a bacterial enzyme used in ADEPT, which activates potent nitrogen-mustard pro-drugs by removal of an inhibitory glutamic acid residue. Recombinant CPG2-p700 was highly expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Biolayer interferometry showed that CPG2-p700 had a 100-fold increase in binding affinity for VEGFR2 compared with CPG2 alone and retained its catalytic activity, as determined by methotrexate cleavage. In the presence of CPG2-p700, the ZD2676P pro-drug showed significant cytotoxicity for 4T1 cells compared with prodrug alone or CPG2 alone. p700 is, therefore, a potentially useful alternative to monoclonal antibodies for enzyme pro-drug therapy and could equally be used for effective delivery of other cytotoxic drugs to tumour tissue. MDPI 2021-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7865317/ /pubmed/33504102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030625 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Aldughaim, Mohammed S. Alsaffar, Fatimah Barker, Michael D. Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title | Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title_full | Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title_fullStr | Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title_full_unstemmed | Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title_short | Coupling of a Novel TIMP3 Peptide to Carboxypeptidase G2 for Pro-Drug Activation at the Tumour Site |
title_sort | coupling of a novel timp3 peptide to carboxypeptidase g2 for pro-drug activation at the tumour site |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865317/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030625 |
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