Cargando…

The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM

Carbonized elastomer-based composites (CECs) possess a number of attractive features in terms of thermomechanical and electromechanical performance, durability in aggressive media and facile net-shape formability, but their relatively low ductility and strength limit their suitability for structural...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Statnik, Eugene S., Ignatyev, Semen D., Stepashkin, Andrey A., Salimon, Alexey I., Chukov, Dilyus, Kaloshkin, Sergey D., Korsunsky, Alexander M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33499359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030587
_version_ 1783647933832364032
author Statnik, Eugene S.
Ignatyev, Semen D.
Stepashkin, Andrey A.
Salimon, Alexey I.
Chukov, Dilyus
Kaloshkin, Sergey D.
Korsunsky, Alexander M.
author_facet Statnik, Eugene S.
Ignatyev, Semen D.
Stepashkin, Andrey A.
Salimon, Alexey I.
Chukov, Dilyus
Kaloshkin, Sergey D.
Korsunsky, Alexander M.
author_sort Statnik, Eugene S.
collection PubMed
description Carbonized elastomer-based composites (CECs) possess a number of attractive features in terms of thermomechanical and electromechanical performance, durability in aggressive media and facile net-shape formability, but their relatively low ductility and strength limit their suitability for structural engineering applications. Prospective applications such as structural elements of micro-electro-mechanical systems MEMS can be envisaged since smaller principal dimensions reduce the susceptibility of components to residual stress accumulation during carbonization and to brittle fracture in general. We report the results of in situ in-SEM study of microdeformation and fracture behavior of CECs based on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) elastomeric matrices filled with carbon and silicon carbide. Nanostructured carbon composite materials were manufactured via compounding of elastomeric substance with carbon and SiC fillers using mixing rolling mill, vulcanization, and low-temperature carbonization. Double-edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens of vulcanized and carbonized elastomeric composites were subjected to in situ tensile testing in the chamber of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 3 using a Deben microtest 1 kN tensile stage. The series of acquired SEM images were analyzed by means of digital image correlation (DIC) using Ncorr open-source software to map the spatial distribution of strain. These maps were correlated with finite element modeling (FEM) simulations to refine the values of elastic moduli. Moreover, the elastic moduli were derived from unloading curve nanoindentation hardness measurements carried out using a NanoScan-4D tester and interpreted using the Oliver–Pharr method. Carbonization causes a significant increase of elastic moduli from 0.86 ± 0.07 GPa to 14.12 ± 1.20 GPa for the composite with graphite and carbon black fillers. Nanoindentation measurements yield somewhat lower values, namely, 0.25 ± 0.02 GPa and 9.83 ± 1.10 GPa before and after carbonization, respectively. The analysis of fractography images suggests that crack initiation, growth and propagation may occur both at the notch stress concentrator or relatively far from the notch. Possible causes of such response are discussed, namely, (1) residual stresses introduced by processing; (2) shape and size of fillers; and (3) the emanation and accumulation of gases in composites during carbonization.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7865808
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-78658082021-02-07 The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM Statnik, Eugene S. Ignatyev, Semen D. Stepashkin, Andrey A. Salimon, Alexey I. Chukov, Dilyus Kaloshkin, Sergey D. Korsunsky, Alexander M. Molecules Article Carbonized elastomer-based composites (CECs) possess a number of attractive features in terms of thermomechanical and electromechanical performance, durability in aggressive media and facile net-shape formability, but their relatively low ductility and strength limit their suitability for structural engineering applications. Prospective applications such as structural elements of micro-electro-mechanical systems MEMS can be envisaged since smaller principal dimensions reduce the susceptibility of components to residual stress accumulation during carbonization and to brittle fracture in general. We report the results of in situ in-SEM study of microdeformation and fracture behavior of CECs based on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) elastomeric matrices filled with carbon and silicon carbide. Nanostructured carbon composite materials were manufactured via compounding of elastomeric substance with carbon and SiC fillers using mixing rolling mill, vulcanization, and low-temperature carbonization. Double-edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens of vulcanized and carbonized elastomeric composites were subjected to in situ tensile testing in the chamber of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 3 using a Deben microtest 1 kN tensile stage. The series of acquired SEM images were analyzed by means of digital image correlation (DIC) using Ncorr open-source software to map the spatial distribution of strain. These maps were correlated with finite element modeling (FEM) simulations to refine the values of elastic moduli. Moreover, the elastic moduli were derived from unloading curve nanoindentation hardness measurements carried out using a NanoScan-4D tester and interpreted using the Oliver–Pharr method. Carbonization causes a significant increase of elastic moduli from 0.86 ± 0.07 GPa to 14.12 ± 1.20 GPa for the composite with graphite and carbon black fillers. Nanoindentation measurements yield somewhat lower values, namely, 0.25 ± 0.02 GPa and 9.83 ± 1.10 GPa before and after carbonization, respectively. The analysis of fractography images suggests that crack initiation, growth and propagation may occur both at the notch stress concentrator or relatively far from the notch. Possible causes of such response are discussed, namely, (1) residual stresses introduced by processing; (2) shape and size of fillers; and (3) the emanation and accumulation of gases in composites during carbonization. MDPI 2021-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7865808/ /pubmed/33499359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030587 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Statnik, Eugene S.
Ignatyev, Semen D.
Stepashkin, Andrey A.
Salimon, Alexey I.
Chukov, Dilyus
Kaloshkin, Sergey D.
Korsunsky, Alexander M.
The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title_full The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title_fullStr The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title_full_unstemmed The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title_short The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM
title_sort analysis of micro-scale deformation and fracture of carbonized elastomer-based composites by in situ sem
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33499359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030587
work_keys_str_mv AT statnikeugenes theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT ignatyevsemend theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT stepashkinandreya theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT salimonalexeyi theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT chukovdilyus theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT kaloshkinsergeyd theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT korsunskyalexanderm theanalysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT statnikeugenes analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT ignatyevsemend analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT stepashkinandreya analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT salimonalexeyi analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT chukovdilyus analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT kaloshkinsergeyd analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem
AT korsunskyalexanderm analysisofmicroscaledeformationandfractureofcarbonizedelastomerbasedcompositesbyinsitusem