Cargando…

Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry-based molecular imaging has been utilized to map the spatial distribution of target metabolites in various matrixes. Among the diverse mass spectrometry techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is the most popular for molecular imaging du...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yun, Nayoung, Kim, Hye Jin, Park, Sang Cheol, Park, Geonha, Kim, Min Kyoung, Choi, Young Hae, Jang, Young Pyo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33499348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030580
_version_ 1783647938082242560
author Yun, Nayoung
Kim, Hye Jin
Park, Sang Cheol
Park, Geonha
Kim, Min Kyoung
Choi, Young Hae
Jang, Young Pyo
author_facet Yun, Nayoung
Kim, Hye Jin
Park, Sang Cheol
Park, Geonha
Kim, Min Kyoung
Choi, Young Hae
Jang, Young Pyo
author_sort Yun, Nayoung
collection PubMed
description Mass spectrometry-based molecular imaging has been utilized to map the spatial distribution of target metabolites in various matrixes. Among the diverse mass spectrometry techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is the most popular for molecular imaging due to its powerful spatial resolution. This unparalleled high resolution, however, can paradoxically act as a bottleneck when the bio-imaging of large areas, such as a whole plant, is required. To address this issue and provide a more versatile tool for large scale bio-imaging, direct analysis in real-time-time of flight-mass spectrometry (DART-TOF-MS), an ambient ionization MS, was applied to whole plant bio-imaging of a medicinal plant, Ephedrae Herba. The whole aerial part of the plant was cut into 10–20 cm long pieces, and each part was further cut longitudinally to compare the contents of major ephedra alkaloids between the outer surface and inner part of the stem. Using optimized DART-TOF-MS conditions, molecular imaging of major ephedra alkaloids of the whole aerial part of a single plant was successfully achieved. The concentration of alkaloids analyzed in this study was found to be higher on the inner section than the outer surface of stems. Moreover, side branches, which are used in traditional medicine, represented a far higher concentration of alkaloids than the main stem. In terms of the spatial metabolic distribution, the contents of alkaloids gradually decreased towards the end of branch tips. In this study, a fast and simple macro-scale MS imaging of the whole plant was successfully developed using DART-TOF-MS. This application on the localization of secondary metabolites in whole plants can provide an area of new research using ambient ionization mass spectroscopy and an unprecedented macro-scale view of the biosynthesis and distribution of active components in medicinal plants.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7865826
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-78658262021-02-07 Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry Yun, Nayoung Kim, Hye Jin Park, Sang Cheol Park, Geonha Kim, Min Kyoung Choi, Young Hae Jang, Young Pyo Molecules Article Mass spectrometry-based molecular imaging has been utilized to map the spatial distribution of target metabolites in various matrixes. Among the diverse mass spectrometry techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is the most popular for molecular imaging due to its powerful spatial resolution. This unparalleled high resolution, however, can paradoxically act as a bottleneck when the bio-imaging of large areas, such as a whole plant, is required. To address this issue and provide a more versatile tool for large scale bio-imaging, direct analysis in real-time-time of flight-mass spectrometry (DART-TOF-MS), an ambient ionization MS, was applied to whole plant bio-imaging of a medicinal plant, Ephedrae Herba. The whole aerial part of the plant was cut into 10–20 cm long pieces, and each part was further cut longitudinally to compare the contents of major ephedra alkaloids between the outer surface and inner part of the stem. Using optimized DART-TOF-MS conditions, molecular imaging of major ephedra alkaloids of the whole aerial part of a single plant was successfully achieved. The concentration of alkaloids analyzed in this study was found to be higher on the inner section than the outer surface of stems. Moreover, side branches, which are used in traditional medicine, represented a far higher concentration of alkaloids than the main stem. In terms of the spatial metabolic distribution, the contents of alkaloids gradually decreased towards the end of branch tips. In this study, a fast and simple macro-scale MS imaging of the whole plant was successfully developed using DART-TOF-MS. This application on the localization of secondary metabolites in whole plants can provide an area of new research using ambient ionization mass spectroscopy and an unprecedented macro-scale view of the biosynthesis and distribution of active components in medicinal plants. MDPI 2021-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7865826/ /pubmed/33499348 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030580 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yun, Nayoung
Kim, Hye Jin
Park, Sang Cheol
Park, Geonha
Kim, Min Kyoung
Choi, Young Hae
Jang, Young Pyo
Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title_full Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title_short Localization of Major Ephedra Alkaloids in Whole Aerial Parts of Ephedrae Herba Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry
title_sort localization of major ephedra alkaloids in whole aerial parts of ephedrae herba using direct analysis in real time-time of flight-mass spectrometry
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7865826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33499348
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030580
work_keys_str_mv AT yunnayoung localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT kimhyejin localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT parksangcheol localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT parkgeonha localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT kimminkyoung localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT choiyounghae localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry
AT jangyoungpyo localizationofmajorephedraalkaloidsinwholeaerialpartsofephedraeherbausingdirectanalysisinrealtimetimeofflightmassspectrometry