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The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Advances within bioinformatics, such as machine learning, can improve biomarker discovery and ultimately improve CRC survival rates. There are clear sex differences in CRC characteristics, but the impact of sex has not been conside...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7866425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031354 |
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author | Hases, Linnea Ibrahim, Ahmed Chen, Xinsong Liu, Yanghong Hartman, Johan Williams, Cecilia |
author_facet | Hases, Linnea Ibrahim, Ahmed Chen, Xinsong Liu, Yanghong Hartman, Johan Williams, Cecilia |
author_sort | Hases, Linnea |
collection | PubMed |
description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Advances within bioinformatics, such as machine learning, can improve biomarker discovery and ultimately improve CRC survival rates. There are clear sex differences in CRC characteristics, but the impact of sex has not been considered with regards to CRC biomarkers. Our aim here was to investigate sex differences in the transcriptome of a normal colon and CRC, and between paired normal and tumor tissue. Next, we attempted to identify CRC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and investigate if they are sex-specific. We collected paired normal and tumor tissue, performed RNA-seq, and applied feature selection in combination with machine learning to identify the top CRC diagnostic biomarkers. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify sex-specific CRC diagnostic biomarkers and performed an overall survival analysis to identify sex-specific prognostic biomarkers. We found transcriptomic sex differences in both the normal colon tissue and in CRC. Forty-four of the top-ranked biomarkers were sex-specific and 20 biomarkers showed a sex-specific prognostic value. Our data show the importance of sex in the discovery of CRC biomarkers. We propose 20 sex-specific CRC prognostic biomarkers, including ESM1, GUCA2A, and VWA2 for males and CLDN1 and FUT1 for females. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7866425 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78664252021-02-07 The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers Hases, Linnea Ibrahim, Ahmed Chen, Xinsong Liu, Yanghong Hartman, Johan Williams, Cecilia Int J Mol Sci Article Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Advances within bioinformatics, such as machine learning, can improve biomarker discovery and ultimately improve CRC survival rates. There are clear sex differences in CRC characteristics, but the impact of sex has not been considered with regards to CRC biomarkers. Our aim here was to investigate sex differences in the transcriptome of a normal colon and CRC, and between paired normal and tumor tissue. Next, we attempted to identify CRC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and investigate if they are sex-specific. We collected paired normal and tumor tissue, performed RNA-seq, and applied feature selection in combination with machine learning to identify the top CRC diagnostic biomarkers. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify sex-specific CRC diagnostic biomarkers and performed an overall survival analysis to identify sex-specific prognostic biomarkers. We found transcriptomic sex differences in both the normal colon tissue and in CRC. Forty-four of the top-ranked biomarkers were sex-specific and 20 biomarkers showed a sex-specific prognostic value. Our data show the importance of sex in the discovery of CRC biomarkers. We propose 20 sex-specific CRC prognostic biomarkers, including ESM1, GUCA2A, and VWA2 for males and CLDN1 and FUT1 for females. MDPI 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7866425/ /pubmed/33572952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031354 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hases, Linnea Ibrahim, Ahmed Chen, Xinsong Liu, Yanghong Hartman, Johan Williams, Cecilia The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title | The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title_full | The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title_short | The Importance of Sex in the Discovery of Colorectal Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers |
title_sort | importance of sex in the discovery of colorectal cancer prognostic biomarkers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7866425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031354 |
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