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Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients

BACKGROUND: Identification of individual gait events is essential for clinical gait analysis, because it can be used for diagnostic purposes or tracking disease progression in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Previous research has shown that gait events can be detected from a shank...

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Autores principales: Romijnders, Robbin, Warmerdam, Elke, Hansen, Clint, Welzel, Julius, Schmidt, Gerhard, Maetzler, Walter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7866479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33549105
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00828-0
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author Romijnders, Robbin
Warmerdam, Elke
Hansen, Clint
Welzel, Julius
Schmidt, Gerhard
Maetzler, Walter
author_facet Romijnders, Robbin
Warmerdam, Elke
Hansen, Clint
Welzel, Julius
Schmidt, Gerhard
Maetzler, Walter
author_sort Romijnders, Robbin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Identification of individual gait events is essential for clinical gait analysis, because it can be used for diagnostic purposes or tracking disease progression in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Previous research has shown that gait events can be detected from a shank-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU), however detection performance was often evaluated only from straight-line walking. For use in daily life, the detection performance needs to be evaluated in curved walking and turning as well as in single-task and dual-task conditions. METHODS: Participants (older adults, people with Parkinson’s disease, or people who had suffered from a stroke) performed three different walking trials: (1) straight-line walking, (2) slalom walking, (3) Stroop-and-walk trial. An optical motion capture system was used a reference system. Markers were attached to the heel and toe regions of the shoe, and participants wore IMUs on the lateral sides of both shanks. The angular velocity of the shank IMUs was used to detect instances of initial foot contact (IC) and final foot contact (FC), which were compared to reference values obtained from the marker trajectories. RESULTS: The detection method showed high recall, precision and F1 scores in different populations for both initial contacts and final contacts during straight-line walking (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 100%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 100%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%), slalom walking (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 99%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 99%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%), and turning (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 85%, precision [Formula: see text] 95%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 91%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 84%, precision [Formula: see text] 95%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 89%). CONCLUSIONS: Shank-mounted IMUs can be used to detect gait events during straight-line walking, slalom walking and turning. However, more false events were observed during turning and more events were missed during turning. For use in daily life we recommend identifying turning before extracting temporal gait parameters from identified gait events.
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spelling pubmed-78664792021-02-08 Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients Romijnders, Robbin Warmerdam, Elke Hansen, Clint Welzel, Julius Schmidt, Gerhard Maetzler, Walter J Neuroeng Rehabil Research BACKGROUND: Identification of individual gait events is essential for clinical gait analysis, because it can be used for diagnostic purposes or tracking disease progression in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Previous research has shown that gait events can be detected from a shank-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU), however detection performance was often evaluated only from straight-line walking. For use in daily life, the detection performance needs to be evaluated in curved walking and turning as well as in single-task and dual-task conditions. METHODS: Participants (older adults, people with Parkinson’s disease, or people who had suffered from a stroke) performed three different walking trials: (1) straight-line walking, (2) slalom walking, (3) Stroop-and-walk trial. An optical motion capture system was used a reference system. Markers were attached to the heel and toe regions of the shoe, and participants wore IMUs on the lateral sides of both shanks. The angular velocity of the shank IMUs was used to detect instances of initial foot contact (IC) and final foot contact (FC), which were compared to reference values obtained from the marker trajectories. RESULTS: The detection method showed high recall, precision and F1 scores in different populations for both initial contacts and final contacts during straight-line walking (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 100%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 100%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%), slalom walking (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 99%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 100%, precision [Formula: see text] 99%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 100%), and turning (IC: recall [Formula: see text] 85%, precision [Formula: see text] 95%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 91%; FC: recall [Formula: see text] 84%, precision [Formula: see text] 95%, F1 score [Formula: see text] 89%). CONCLUSIONS: Shank-mounted IMUs can be used to detect gait events during straight-line walking, slalom walking and turning. However, more false events were observed during turning and more events were missed during turning. For use in daily life we recommend identifying turning before extracting temporal gait parameters from identified gait events. BioMed Central 2021-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7866479/ /pubmed/33549105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00828-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Romijnders, Robbin
Warmerdam, Elke
Hansen, Clint
Welzel, Julius
Schmidt, Gerhard
Maetzler, Walter
Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title_full Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title_fullStr Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title_full_unstemmed Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title_short Validation of IMU-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and Parkinson’s Disease patients
title_sort validation of imu-based gait event detection during curved walking and turning in older adults and parkinson’s disease patients
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7866479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33549105
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00828-0
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