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Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind NAFLD provides the basis for identifying risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, pancreatoduodenectomy...

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Autores principales: Kaufmann, Benedikt, Reca, Agustina, Wang, Baocai, Friess, Helmut, Feldstein, Ariel E., Hartmann, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7870612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32833053
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-01965-1
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author Kaufmann, Benedikt
Reca, Agustina
Wang, Baocai
Friess, Helmut
Feldstein, Ariel E.
Hartmann, Daniel
author_facet Kaufmann, Benedikt
Reca, Agustina
Wang, Baocai
Friess, Helmut
Feldstein, Ariel E.
Hartmann, Daniel
author_sort Kaufmann, Benedikt
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind NAFLD provides the basis for identifying risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, pancreatoduodenectomy, and host genetics, that lead to the onset and progression of the disease. The progression from steatosis to more severe forms, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, leads to an increased number of liver and non-liver complications. PURPOSE: NAFLD-associated end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often require surgery as the only curative treatment. In particular, the presence of NAFLD together with the coexisting metabolic comorbidities that usually occur in these patients requires careful preoperative diagnosis and peri-/postoperative management. Bariatric surgery, liver resection, and liver transplantation (LT) have shown favorable results for weight loss, HCC, and ESLD in patients with NAFLD. The LT demand and the increasing spread of NAFLD in the donor pool reinforce the already existing lack of donor organs. CONCLUSION: In this review, we will discuss the diverse mechanisms underlying NAFLD, its implications for surgery, and the challenges for patient management.
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spelling pubmed-78706122021-02-16 Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery Kaufmann, Benedikt Reca, Agustina Wang, Baocai Friess, Helmut Feldstein, Ariel E. Hartmann, Daniel Langenbecks Arch Surg Review Article BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind NAFLD provides the basis for identifying risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, pancreatoduodenectomy, and host genetics, that lead to the onset and progression of the disease. The progression from steatosis to more severe forms, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, leads to an increased number of liver and non-liver complications. PURPOSE: NAFLD-associated end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often require surgery as the only curative treatment. In particular, the presence of NAFLD together with the coexisting metabolic comorbidities that usually occur in these patients requires careful preoperative diagnosis and peri-/postoperative management. Bariatric surgery, liver resection, and liver transplantation (LT) have shown favorable results for weight loss, HCC, and ESLD in patients with NAFLD. The LT demand and the increasing spread of NAFLD in the donor pool reinforce the already existing lack of donor organs. CONCLUSION: In this review, we will discuss the diverse mechanisms underlying NAFLD, its implications for surgery, and the challenges for patient management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-08-24 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7870612/ /pubmed/32833053 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-01965-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kaufmann, Benedikt
Reca, Agustina
Wang, Baocai
Friess, Helmut
Feldstein, Ariel E.
Hartmann, Daniel
Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title_full Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title_fullStr Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title_short Mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
title_sort mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and implications for surgery
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7870612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32833053
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-020-01965-1
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