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Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound?
Legionellosis is a serious bacterial infection characterized by atypical pneumonia primarily due to infection with Legionella pneumophila, and bathing can be a potential cause of this infection. Legionellosis was first identified in 1977, and it is caused by Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the g...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7872820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727982 http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.4852-20 |
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author | Tanimoto, Tetsuya Takahashi, Kenzo Crump, Andy |
author_facet | Tanimoto, Tetsuya Takahashi, Kenzo Crump, Andy |
author_sort | Tanimoto, Tetsuya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Legionellosis is a serious bacterial infection characterized by atypical pneumonia primarily due to infection with Legionella pneumophila, and bathing can be a potential cause of this infection. Legionellosis was first identified in 1977, and it is caused by Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. Legionellosis remains an important public health threat, particularly in Japan, where the population is rapidly aging, thereby becoming more at risk of developing severe disease and accompanying life-threatening pneumonia. The bacteria are most commonly transmitted via the inhalation of contaminated aerosols produced and broadcast via water sprays, jets or mists. Infection can also occur via the aspiration of contaminated water or ice, or through inhalation of contaminated dust. Because the signs and symptoms of Legionnaires' disease (LD), as well as radiographic imaging are similar to pneumonia caused by other pathogens, a specific diagnostic test is required, such as a urine antigen detection test. Six clinical and laboratory parameters, a high body temperature, a non-productive cough, low serum sodium and platelet counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and c-reactive protein concentrations can be used to reliably predict the likelihood of LD. The first choices for chemotherapy are fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotic drugs. The main goals of LD prevention measures are 1) the prevention of microbial growth and biofilm formation, 2) the removal of all biofilm formed on equipment and in facilities, 3) minimizing aerosol splash and spread, and 4) minimizing bacterial contamination from external sources. It is apparent that, in Japan, where hot spring (onsen) bathing is common among aged people, strict regulations need to be in place - and enforced - to ensure that all Japanese onsens and spas provide a safe environment and undertake regular, effective infection control practices. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7872820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78728202021-02-17 Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? Tanimoto, Tetsuya Takahashi, Kenzo Crump, Andy Intern Med Review Article Legionellosis is a serious bacterial infection characterized by atypical pneumonia primarily due to infection with Legionella pneumophila, and bathing can be a potential cause of this infection. Legionellosis was first identified in 1977, and it is caused by Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. Legionellosis remains an important public health threat, particularly in Japan, where the population is rapidly aging, thereby becoming more at risk of developing severe disease and accompanying life-threatening pneumonia. The bacteria are most commonly transmitted via the inhalation of contaminated aerosols produced and broadcast via water sprays, jets or mists. Infection can also occur via the aspiration of contaminated water or ice, or through inhalation of contaminated dust. Because the signs and symptoms of Legionnaires' disease (LD), as well as radiographic imaging are similar to pneumonia caused by other pathogens, a specific diagnostic test is required, such as a urine antigen detection test. Six clinical and laboratory parameters, a high body temperature, a non-productive cough, low serum sodium and platelet counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and c-reactive protein concentrations can be used to reliably predict the likelihood of LD. The first choices for chemotherapy are fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotic drugs. The main goals of LD prevention measures are 1) the prevention of microbial growth and biofilm formation, 2) the removal of all biofilm formed on equipment and in facilities, 3) minimizing aerosol splash and spread, and 4) minimizing bacterial contamination from external sources. It is apparent that, in Japan, where hot spring (onsen) bathing is common among aged people, strict regulations need to be in place - and enforced - to ensure that all Japanese onsens and spas provide a safe environment and undertake regular, effective infection control practices. The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 2020-07-28 2021-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7872820/ /pubmed/32727982 http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.4852-20 Text en Copyright © 2021 by The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The Internal Medicine is an Open Access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view the details of this license, please visit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Article Tanimoto, Tetsuya Takahashi, Kenzo Crump, Andy Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title | Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title_full | Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title_fullStr | Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title_full_unstemmed | Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title_short | Legionellosis in Japan: A Self-inflicted Wound? |
title_sort | legionellosis in japan: a self-inflicted wound? |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7872820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727982 http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.4852-20 |
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