Cargando…

Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Multiple neurological problems have been reported in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory nerves or through the subarachnoid space along olfactory nerves into...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: de Melo, Igor Santana, Sabino-Silva, Robinson, Cunha, Thúlio Marquez, Goulart, Luiz Ricardo, Reis, Wagner Luis, Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes, Shetty, Ashok K., de Castro, Olagide Wagner
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7872848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33577841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.008
_version_ 1783649267797196800
author de Melo, Igor Santana
Sabino-Silva, Robinson
Cunha, Thúlio Marquez
Goulart, Luiz Ricardo
Reis, Wagner Luis
Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes
Shetty, Ashok K.
de Castro, Olagide Wagner
author_facet de Melo, Igor Santana
Sabino-Silva, Robinson
Cunha, Thúlio Marquez
Goulart, Luiz Ricardo
Reis, Wagner Luis
Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes
Shetty, Ashok K.
de Castro, Olagide Wagner
author_sort de Melo, Igor Santana
collection PubMed
description Multiple neurological problems have been reported in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory nerves or through the subarachnoid space along olfactory nerves into the brain’s cerebrospinal fluid and then into the brain’s interstitial space. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 enters the subfornical organ (SFO) through the above routes and the circulating blood since circumventricular organs (CVOs) such as the SFO lack the blood-brain barrier, and infection of the SFO causes dysfunction of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), leading to hydroelectrolytic disorder. SARS-CoV-2 can readily enter SFO-PVN-SON neurons because these neurons express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors and proteolytic viral activators, which likely leads to neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation in these regions. Considering the pivotal role of SFO-PVN-SON circuitry in modulating hydroelectrolyte balance, SARS-CoV-2 infection in these regions could disrupt the neuroendocrine control of hydromineral homeostasis. This review proposes mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection of the SFO-PVN-SON pathway leads to hydroelectrolytic disorder in COVID-19 patients.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7872848
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Elsevier Ltd.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-78728482021-02-10 Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus de Melo, Igor Santana Sabino-Silva, Robinson Cunha, Thúlio Marquez Goulart, Luiz Ricardo Reis, Wagner Luis Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes Shetty, Ashok K. de Castro, Olagide Wagner Neurosci Biobehav Rev Review Article Multiple neurological problems have been reported in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory nerves or through the subarachnoid space along olfactory nerves into the brain’s cerebrospinal fluid and then into the brain’s interstitial space. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 enters the subfornical organ (SFO) through the above routes and the circulating blood since circumventricular organs (CVOs) such as the SFO lack the blood-brain barrier, and infection of the SFO causes dysfunction of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), leading to hydroelectrolytic disorder. SARS-CoV-2 can readily enter SFO-PVN-SON neurons because these neurons express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors and proteolytic viral activators, which likely leads to neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation in these regions. Considering the pivotal role of SFO-PVN-SON circuitry in modulating hydroelectrolyte balance, SARS-CoV-2 infection in these regions could disrupt the neuroendocrine control of hydromineral homeostasis. This review proposes mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection of the SFO-PVN-SON pathway leads to hydroelectrolytic disorder in COVID-19 patients. Elsevier Ltd. 2021-05 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7872848/ /pubmed/33577841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.008 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Review Article
de Melo, Igor Santana
Sabino-Silva, Robinson
Cunha, Thúlio Marquez
Goulart, Luiz Ricardo
Reis, Wagner Luis
Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes
Shetty, Ashok K.
de Castro, Olagide Wagner
Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title_full Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title_fullStr Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title_full_unstemmed Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title_short Hydroelectrolytic Disorder in COVID-19 patients: Evidence Supporting the Involvement of Subfornical Organ and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
title_sort hydroelectrolytic disorder in covid-19 patients: evidence supporting the involvement of subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7872848/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33577841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.008
work_keys_str_mv AT demeloigorsantana hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT sabinosilvarobinson hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT cunhathuliomarquez hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT goulartluizricardo hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT reiswagnerluis hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT jardimanacarolinagomes hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT shettyashokk hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus
AT decastroolagidewagner hydroelectrolyticdisorderincovid19patientsevidencesupportingtheinvolvementofsubfornicalorganandparaventricularnucleusofthehypothalamus