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Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this systematic review is to present the proposed theories of pathogenesis for idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), to discuss its classification, its diagnostic approach, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: IA represents a major diagnostic challenge and is diagnosed when excludin...

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Autores principales: Gulen, Theo, Akin, Cem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873102/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33560495
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-00988-y
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author Gulen, Theo
Akin, Cem
author_facet Gulen, Theo
Akin, Cem
author_sort Gulen, Theo
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this systematic review is to present the proposed theories of pathogenesis for idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), to discuss its classification, its diagnostic approach, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: IA represents a major diagnostic challenge and is diagnosed when excluding the possible identifiable triggers of anaphylaxis. The current research, however, revealed that certain conditions including mastocytosis, mast cell activation syndromes, and hereditary alpha tryptasemia can masquerade and overlap with its symptomatology. Also, newly identified galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose mammalian red meat allergy has recently been recognized as underlying cause of anaphylaxis in some cases that were previously considered as IA. SUMMARY: IA comprises a heterogenous group of conditions where, in some cases, inherently dysfunctional mast cells play a role in pathogenesis. The standard trigger avoidance strategies are ineffective, and episodes are unpredictable. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment as well as prophylaxis are critical. The patients should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector.
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spelling pubmed-78731022021-02-22 Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists Gulen, Theo Akin, Cem Curr Allergy Asthma Rep Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (BT Kelly and M Castells, Section Editors) PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this systematic review is to present the proposed theories of pathogenesis for idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), to discuss its classification, its diagnostic approach, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: IA represents a major diagnostic challenge and is diagnosed when excluding the possible identifiable triggers of anaphylaxis. The current research, however, revealed that certain conditions including mastocytosis, mast cell activation syndromes, and hereditary alpha tryptasemia can masquerade and overlap with its symptomatology. Also, newly identified galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose mammalian red meat allergy has recently been recognized as underlying cause of anaphylaxis in some cases that were previously considered as IA. SUMMARY: IA comprises a heterogenous group of conditions where, in some cases, inherently dysfunctional mast cells play a role in pathogenesis. The standard trigger avoidance strategies are ineffective, and episodes are unpredictable. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment as well as prophylaxis are critical. The patients should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector. Springer US 2021-02-09 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7873102/ /pubmed/33560495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-00988-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (BT Kelly and M Castells, Section Editors)
Gulen, Theo
Akin, Cem
Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title_full Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title_fullStr Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title_full_unstemmed Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title_short Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
title_sort idiopathic anaphylaxis: a perplexing diagnostic challenge for allergists
topic Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (BT Kelly and M Castells, Section Editors)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873102/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33560495
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-00988-y
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