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Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths

Opsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and...

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Autores principales: Sondhi, Yash, Ellis, Emily A., Bybee, Seth M., Theobald, Jamie C., Kawahara, Akito Y.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01688-z
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author Sondhi, Yash
Ellis, Emily A.
Bybee, Seth M.
Theobald, Jamie C.
Kawahara, Akito Y.
author_facet Sondhi, Yash
Ellis, Emily A.
Bybee, Seth M.
Theobald, Jamie C.
Kawahara, Akito Y.
author_sort Sondhi, Yash
collection PubMed
description Opsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster—at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera.
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spelling pubmed-78732032021-02-16 Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths Sondhi, Yash Ellis, Emily A. Bybee, Seth M. Theobald, Jamie C. Kawahara, Akito Y. Commun Biol Article Opsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster—at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7873203/ /pubmed/33564115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01688-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Sondhi, Yash
Ellis, Emily A.
Bybee, Seth M.
Theobald, Jamie C.
Kawahara, Akito Y.
Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title_full Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title_fullStr Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title_full_unstemmed Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title_short Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
title_sort light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33564115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01688-z
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