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Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease
Vision-threatening retinal diseases affect millions of people worldwide, representing an important public health issue (high social cost) for both technologically advanced and new-industrialized countries. Overall RD group comprises the retinitis pigmentosa, the age-related macular degeneration (AMD...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.601647 |
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author | Micera, Alessandra Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Di Zazzo, Antonio Dinice, Lucia Bonini, Stefano Coassin, Marco |
author_facet | Micera, Alessandra Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Di Zazzo, Antonio Dinice, Lucia Bonini, Stefano Coassin, Marco |
author_sort | Micera, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vision-threatening retinal diseases affect millions of people worldwide, representing an important public health issue (high social cost) for both technologically advanced and new-industrialized countries. Overall RD group comprises the retinitis pigmentosa, the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the diabetic retinopathy (DR), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane formation. Endocrine, metabolic, and even lifestyles risk factors have been reported for these age-linked conditions that represent a “public priority” also in this COVID-19 emergency. Chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration characterize the disease evolution, with a consistent vitreoretinal interface impairment. As the vitreous chamber is significantly involved, the latest diagnostic technologies of imaging (retina) and biomarker detection (vitreous) have provided a huge input at both medical and surgical levels. Complement activation and immune cell recruitment/infiltration as well as detrimental intra/extracellular deposits occur in association with a reactive gliosis. The cell/tissue aging route shows a specific signal path and biomolecular profile characterized by the increased expression of several glial-derived mediators, including angiogenic/angiostatic, neurogenic, and stress-related factors (oxidative stress metabolites, inflammation, and even amyloid formation). The possibility to access vitreous chamber by collecting vitreous reflux during intravitreal injection or obtaining vitreous biopsy during a vitrectomy represents a step forward for an individualized therapy. As drug response and protein signature appear unique in each single patient, therapies should be individualized. This review addresses the current knowledge about biomarkers and pharmacological targets in these vitreoretinal diseases. As vitreous fluids might reflect the early stages of retinal sufferance and/or late stages of neurodegeneration, the possibility to modulate intravitreal levels of growth factors, in combination to anti-VEGF therapy, would open to a personalized therapy of retinal diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7873955 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78739552021-02-11 Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease Micera, Alessandra Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Di Zazzo, Antonio Dinice, Lucia Bonini, Stefano Coassin, Marco Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Vision-threatening retinal diseases affect millions of people worldwide, representing an important public health issue (high social cost) for both technologically advanced and new-industrialized countries. Overall RD group comprises the retinitis pigmentosa, the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the diabetic retinopathy (DR), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane formation. Endocrine, metabolic, and even lifestyles risk factors have been reported for these age-linked conditions that represent a “public priority” also in this COVID-19 emergency. Chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration characterize the disease evolution, with a consistent vitreoretinal interface impairment. As the vitreous chamber is significantly involved, the latest diagnostic technologies of imaging (retina) and biomarker detection (vitreous) have provided a huge input at both medical and surgical levels. Complement activation and immune cell recruitment/infiltration as well as detrimental intra/extracellular deposits occur in association with a reactive gliosis. The cell/tissue aging route shows a specific signal path and biomolecular profile characterized by the increased expression of several glial-derived mediators, including angiogenic/angiostatic, neurogenic, and stress-related factors (oxidative stress metabolites, inflammation, and even amyloid formation). The possibility to access vitreous chamber by collecting vitreous reflux during intravitreal injection or obtaining vitreous biopsy during a vitrectomy represents a step forward for an individualized therapy. As drug response and protein signature appear unique in each single patient, therapies should be individualized. This review addresses the current knowledge about biomarkers and pharmacological targets in these vitreoretinal diseases. As vitreous fluids might reflect the early stages of retinal sufferance and/or late stages of neurodegeneration, the possibility to modulate intravitreal levels of growth factors, in combination to anti-VEGF therapy, would open to a personalized therapy of retinal diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7873955/ /pubmed/33584278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.601647 Text en Copyright © 2021 Micera, Balzamino, Di Zazzo, Dinice, Bonini and Coassin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Micera, Alessandra Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Di Zazzo, Antonio Dinice, Lucia Bonini, Stefano Coassin, Marco Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title | Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title_full | Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title_short | Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration and Precision Therapy in Retinal Disease |
title_sort | biomarkers of neurodegeneration and precision therapy in retinal disease |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7873955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.601647 |
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