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The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies
The recent global outspread of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of people across multiple countries including athletes, coaches, and supporting staff. Along with everybody else, coaches found themselves constrained to an at-home self-isolation, which limited their ability to normally e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7874101/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601743 |
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author | Santi, Giampaolo Quartiroli, Alessandro Costa, Sergio di Fronso, Selenia Montesano, Cristina Di Gruttola, Francesco Ciofi, Edoardo Giorgio Morgilli, Luana Bertollo, Maurizio |
author_facet | Santi, Giampaolo Quartiroli, Alessandro Costa, Sergio di Fronso, Selenia Montesano, Cristina Di Gruttola, Francesco Ciofi, Edoardo Giorgio Morgilli, Luana Bertollo, Maurizio |
author_sort | Santi, Giampaolo |
collection | PubMed |
description | The recent global outspread of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of people across multiple countries including athletes, coaches, and supporting staff. Along with everybody else, coaches found themselves constrained to an at-home self-isolation, which limited their ability to normally engage with their profession and to interact with their athletes. This situation may also have impacted their own psychological well-being. With this study, we explored coaches’ perceptions of stress in relation to their emotion regulation strategies depending upon their gender and competitive level (elite vs. non-elite). A sample of 2272 Italian coaches were surveyed during the period of lockdown. Mean values for perceived stress and emotion regulation strategies were compared to normative data of the two instruments as reported in the original studies. Furthermore, two Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were completed to observe the potential differences in the coaches’ emotion regulation strategies and perception of stress. Finally, a blockwise regression analysis was run to assess how coaches’ emotion regulation strategies impacted upon their perception of stress. Both women and men reported higher levels of perceived stress than those reported in the normative data. Similarly, average scores for emotion regulation strategies were significantly different from those reported for normative data, in particular, coaches reported slightly higher use of emotion regulation strategies than participants in the original study. Significant gender-based differences emerged in terms of emotional regulations, with men adopting more suppression than women. No differences by competitive level were found. In terms of perceived stress, male coaches and elite coaches showed to be more in control of the situation (positive stress) than female coaches and non-elite coaches, respectively, while women experienced more negative stress than men. The blockwise regression evidenced how reappraisal resulted to be predictive in helping coaches to reduce their perception of stress, while suppression predicted higher stress perceptions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7874101 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78741012021-02-11 The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies Santi, Giampaolo Quartiroli, Alessandro Costa, Sergio di Fronso, Selenia Montesano, Cristina Di Gruttola, Francesco Ciofi, Edoardo Giorgio Morgilli, Luana Bertollo, Maurizio Front Psychol Psychology The recent global outspread of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of people across multiple countries including athletes, coaches, and supporting staff. Along with everybody else, coaches found themselves constrained to an at-home self-isolation, which limited their ability to normally engage with their profession and to interact with their athletes. This situation may also have impacted their own psychological well-being. With this study, we explored coaches’ perceptions of stress in relation to their emotion regulation strategies depending upon their gender and competitive level (elite vs. non-elite). A sample of 2272 Italian coaches were surveyed during the period of lockdown. Mean values for perceived stress and emotion regulation strategies were compared to normative data of the two instruments as reported in the original studies. Furthermore, two Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were completed to observe the potential differences in the coaches’ emotion regulation strategies and perception of stress. Finally, a blockwise regression analysis was run to assess how coaches’ emotion regulation strategies impacted upon their perception of stress. Both women and men reported higher levels of perceived stress than those reported in the normative data. Similarly, average scores for emotion regulation strategies were significantly different from those reported for normative data, in particular, coaches reported slightly higher use of emotion regulation strategies than participants in the original study. Significant gender-based differences emerged in terms of emotional regulations, with men adopting more suppression than women. No differences by competitive level were found. In terms of perceived stress, male coaches and elite coaches showed to be more in control of the situation (positive stress) than female coaches and non-elite coaches, respectively, while women experienced more negative stress than men. The blockwise regression evidenced how reappraisal resulted to be predictive in helping coaches to reduce their perception of stress, while suppression predicted higher stress perceptions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7874101/ /pubmed/33584438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601743 Text en Copyright © 2021 Santi, Quartiroli, Costa, di Fronso, Montesano, Di Gruttola, Ciofi, Morgilli and Bertollo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Santi, Giampaolo Quartiroli, Alessandro Costa, Sergio di Fronso, Selenia Montesano, Cristina Di Gruttola, Francesco Ciofi, Edoardo Giorgio Morgilli, Luana Bertollo, Maurizio The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title_full | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title_fullStr | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title_short | The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies |
title_sort | impact of the covid-19 lockdown on coaches’ perception of stress and emotion regulation strategies |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7874101/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601743 |
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