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Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization
In agricultural plant production, nitrate, ammonium, and urea are the major fertilized nitrogen forms, which differ in root uptake and downstream signaling processes in plants. Nitrate is known to stimulate cytokinin synthesis in roots, while for urea no hormonal effect has been described yet. Eleva...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7874180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584751 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.608785 |
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author | Heuermann, Diana Hahn, Heike von Wirén, Nicolaus |
author_facet | Heuermann, Diana Hahn, Heike von Wirén, Nicolaus |
author_sort | Heuermann, Diana |
collection | PubMed |
description | In agricultural plant production, nitrate, ammonium, and urea are the major fertilized nitrogen forms, which differ in root uptake and downstream signaling processes in plants. Nitrate is known to stimulate cytokinin synthesis in roots, while for urea no hormonal effect has been described yet. Elevated cytokinin levels can delay plant senescence favoring prolonged nitrogen uptake. As the cultivation of winter oilseed rape provokes high nitrogen-balance surpluses, we tested the hypotheses whether nitrogen use efficiency increases under ammonium nitrate- relative to urea-based nutrition and whether this is subject to genotypic variation. In a 2-year field study, 15 oilseed rape lines were fertilized either with ammonium nitrate or with urease inhibitor-stabilized urea and analyzed for seed yield and nitrogen-related yield parameters. Despite a significant environmental impact on the performance of the individual lines, which did not allow revealing consistent impact of the genotype, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition tended to increase seed yield in average over all lines. To resolve whether the fertilizer N forms act on grain yield via phytohormones, we collected xylem exudates at three developmental stages and determined the translocation rates of cytokinins and N forms. Relative to urea, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition enhanced the translocation of nitrate or total nitrogen together with cytokinins, whereas in the urea treatment translocation rates were lower as long as urea remained stable in the soil solution. At later developmental stages, i.e., when urea became hydrolyzed, nitrogen and cytokinin translocation increased. In consequence, urea tended to increase nitrogen partitioning in the shoot toward generative organs. However, differences in overall nitrogen accumulation in shoots were not present at the end of the vegetation period, and neither nitrogen uptake nor utilization efficiency was consistently different between the two applied nitrogen forms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7874180 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78741802021-02-11 Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization Heuermann, Diana Hahn, Heike von Wirén, Nicolaus Front Plant Sci Plant Science In agricultural plant production, nitrate, ammonium, and urea are the major fertilized nitrogen forms, which differ in root uptake and downstream signaling processes in plants. Nitrate is known to stimulate cytokinin synthesis in roots, while for urea no hormonal effect has been described yet. Elevated cytokinin levels can delay plant senescence favoring prolonged nitrogen uptake. As the cultivation of winter oilseed rape provokes high nitrogen-balance surpluses, we tested the hypotheses whether nitrogen use efficiency increases under ammonium nitrate- relative to urea-based nutrition and whether this is subject to genotypic variation. In a 2-year field study, 15 oilseed rape lines were fertilized either with ammonium nitrate or with urease inhibitor-stabilized urea and analyzed for seed yield and nitrogen-related yield parameters. Despite a significant environmental impact on the performance of the individual lines, which did not allow revealing consistent impact of the genotype, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition tended to increase seed yield in average over all lines. To resolve whether the fertilizer N forms act on grain yield via phytohormones, we collected xylem exudates at three developmental stages and determined the translocation rates of cytokinins and N forms. Relative to urea, ammonium nitrate-based nutrition enhanced the translocation of nitrate or total nitrogen together with cytokinins, whereas in the urea treatment translocation rates were lower as long as urea remained stable in the soil solution. At later developmental stages, i.e., when urea became hydrolyzed, nitrogen and cytokinin translocation increased. In consequence, urea tended to increase nitrogen partitioning in the shoot toward generative organs. However, differences in overall nitrogen accumulation in shoots were not present at the end of the vegetation period, and neither nitrogen uptake nor utilization efficiency was consistently different between the two applied nitrogen forms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7874180/ /pubmed/33584751 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.608785 Text en Copyright © 2021 Heuermann, Hahn and von Wirén. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Heuermann, Diana Hahn, Heike von Wirén, Nicolaus Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title | Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title_full | Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title_fullStr | Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title_full_unstemmed | Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title_short | Seed Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency in Oilseed Rape After Ammonium Nitrate or Urea Fertilization |
title_sort | seed yield and nitrogen efficiency in oilseed rape after ammonium nitrate or urea fertilization |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7874180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584751 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.608785 |
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