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The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches

Chromosome numbers have been widely used to describe the most fundamental genomic attribute of an organism or a lineage. Although providing strong phylogenetic signal, chromosome numbers vary remarkably among eukaryotes at all levels of taxonomic resolution. Changes in chromosome numbers regularly s...

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Autores principales: Mayrose, Itay, Lysak, Martin A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33566095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa220
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author Mayrose, Itay
Lysak, Martin A
author_facet Mayrose, Itay
Lysak, Martin A
author_sort Mayrose, Itay
collection PubMed
description Chromosome numbers have been widely used to describe the most fundamental genomic attribute of an organism or a lineage. Although providing strong phylogenetic signal, chromosome numbers vary remarkably among eukaryotes at all levels of taxonomic resolution. Changes in chromosome numbers regularly serve as indication of major genomic events, most notably polyploidy and dysploidy. Here, we review recent advancements in our ability to make inferences regarding historical events that led to alterations in the number of chromosomes of a lineage. We first describe the mechanistic processes underlying changes in chromosome numbers, focusing on structural chromosomal rearrangements. Then, we focus on experimental procedures, encompassing comparative cytogenomics and genomics approaches, and on computational methodologies that are based on explicit models of chromosome-number evolution. Together, these tools offer valuable predictions regarding historical events that have changed chromosome numbers and genome structures, as well as their phylogenetic and temporal placements.
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spelling pubmed-78750042021-02-16 The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches Mayrose, Itay Lysak, Martin A Genome Biol Evol Review Chromosome numbers have been widely used to describe the most fundamental genomic attribute of an organism or a lineage. Although providing strong phylogenetic signal, chromosome numbers vary remarkably among eukaryotes at all levels of taxonomic resolution. Changes in chromosome numbers regularly serve as indication of major genomic events, most notably polyploidy and dysploidy. Here, we review recent advancements in our ability to make inferences regarding historical events that led to alterations in the number of chromosomes of a lineage. We first describe the mechanistic processes underlying changes in chromosome numbers, focusing on structural chromosomal rearrangements. Then, we focus on experimental procedures, encompassing comparative cytogenomics and genomics approaches, and on computational methodologies that are based on explicit models of chromosome-number evolution. Together, these tools offer valuable predictions regarding historical events that have changed chromosome numbers and genome structures, as well as their phylogenetic and temporal placements. Oxford University Press 2020-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7875004/ /pubmed/33566095 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa220 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Mayrose, Itay
Lysak, Martin A
The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title_full The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title_fullStr The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title_full_unstemmed The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title_short The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches
title_sort evolution of chromosome numbers: mechanistic models and experimental approaches
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33566095
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa220
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