Sonochemical conversion of CO(2) into hydrocarbons: The Sabatier reaction at ambient conditions

In this study, we investigated an alternative method for the chemical CO(2) reduction reaction in which power ultrasound (488 kHz ultrasonic plate transducer) was applied to CO(2)-saturated (up to 3%) pure water, NaCl and synthetic seawater solutions. Under ultrasonic conditions, the converted CO(2) products were found to be mainly CH(4), C(2)H(4) and C(2)H(6) including large amount of CO which was subsequently converted into CH(4). We have found that introducing molecular H(2) plays a crucial role in the CO(2) conversion process and that increasing hydrogen concentration increased the yields of hydrocarbons. However, it was observed that at higher hydrogen concentrations, the overall conversion decreased since hydrogen, a diatomic gas, is known to decrease cavitational activity in liquids. It was also found that 1.0 M NaCl solutions saturated with 2% CO(2) + 98% H(2) led to maximum hydrocarbon yields (close to 5%) and increasing the salt concentrations further decreased the yield of hydrocarbons due to the combined physical and chemical effects of ultrasound. It was shown that CO(2) present in a synthetic industrial flue gas (86.74% N(2), 13% CO(2), 0.2% O(2) and 600 ppm of CO) could be converted into hydrocarbons through this method by diluting the flue gas with hydrogen. Moreover, it was observed that in addition to pure water, synthetic seawater can also be used as an ultrasonicating media for the sonochemical process where the presence of NaCl improves the yields of hydrocarbons by ca. 40%. We have also shown that by using low frequency high-power ultrasound in the absence of catalysts, it is possible to carry out the conversion process at ambient conditions i.e., at room temperature and pressure. We are postulating that each cavitation bubble formed during ultrasonication act as a “micro-reactor” where the so-called Sabatier reaction - [Formula: see text] - takes place upon collapse of the bubble. We are naming this novel approach as the “Islam-Pollet-Hihn process”.