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Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy

Tissue-resident macrophages are highly specialized to their tissue-specific microenvironments, activated by various inflammatory signals and modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Osteoclasts and microglia are distinct tissue-resident cells of the macrophage lineage in bone and brain that a...

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Autores principales: Lee, Ji-Won, Lee, In-Hee, Iimura, Tadahiro, Kong, Sek Won
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33568650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00134-w
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author Lee, Ji-Won
Lee, In-Hee
Iimura, Tadahiro
Kong, Sek Won
author_facet Lee, Ji-Won
Lee, In-Hee
Iimura, Tadahiro
Kong, Sek Won
author_sort Lee, Ji-Won
collection PubMed
description Tissue-resident macrophages are highly specialized to their tissue-specific microenvironments, activated by various inflammatory signals and modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Osteoclasts and microglia are distinct tissue-resident cells of the macrophage lineage in bone and brain that are responsible for pathological changes in osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively. Osteoporosis is more frequently observed in individuals with AD compared to the prevalence in general population. Diagnosis of AD is often delayed until underlying pathophysiological changes progress and cause irreversible damages in structure and function of brain. As such earlier diagnosis and intervention of individuals at higher risk would be indispensable to modify clinical courses. Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a genetic variant affects multiple traits and the genetic correlation between two traits could suggest a shared molecular mechanism. In this review, we discuss that the Pyk2-mediated actin polymerization pathway in osteoclasts and microglia in bone and brain, respectively, is the horizontal pleiotropic mediator of shared risk factors for osteoporosis and AD.
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spelling pubmed-78759612021-02-18 Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy Lee, Ji-Won Lee, In-Hee Iimura, Tadahiro Kong, Sek Won Bone Res Review Article Tissue-resident macrophages are highly specialized to their tissue-specific microenvironments, activated by various inflammatory signals and modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Osteoclasts and microglia are distinct tissue-resident cells of the macrophage lineage in bone and brain that are responsible for pathological changes in osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively. Osteoporosis is more frequently observed in individuals with AD compared to the prevalence in general population. Diagnosis of AD is often delayed until underlying pathophysiological changes progress and cause irreversible damages in structure and function of brain. As such earlier diagnosis and intervention of individuals at higher risk would be indispensable to modify clinical courses. Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a genetic variant affects multiple traits and the genetic correlation between two traits could suggest a shared molecular mechanism. In this review, we discuss that the Pyk2-mediated actin polymerization pathway in osteoclasts and microglia in bone and brain, respectively, is the horizontal pleiotropic mediator of shared risk factors for osteoporosis and AD. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7875961/ /pubmed/33568650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00134-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lee, Ji-Won
Lee, In-Hee
Iimura, Tadahiro
Kong, Sek Won
Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title_full Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title_fullStr Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title_full_unstemmed Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title_short Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
title_sort two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7875961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33568650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00134-w
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