Laparoscopic treatment of mesenteric avulsion and intestinal perforation after blunt abdominal trauma: A report of a case

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal injuries are quite involved in non-penetrating abdominal trauma after liver and spleen. The incidence of small bowel injury after blunt abdominal trauma has increased nowadays, since high-energy transfer impacts producing large abdominal wall displacements are more frequent, such as car crash. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 49-year-old Caucasian woman, victim of a violent car crash, resulting in multiple small bowel perforations and mesenteric avulsion. Since the patient was hemodynamically stable, a laparoscopic approach was carried on. DISCUSSION: Blunt abdominal trauma are responsible of 6–14.9% of all traumatic injuries (Galia et al., 2017). The frequency of small bowel lesions ranges from 5% to 15%, while small bowel mesenteric injuries are approximately found in 5% of patients after blunt abdominal trauma. There are different biomechanical reasons explaining how a blunt trauma can cause damages to small bowel and its mesentery. Clinical diagnosis of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma is often challenging for non-specific objective clinical signs and because peritoneal irritation symptoms are present only in collaborative patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a safe and feasible tool in selected patients with blunt abdominal trauma, both for diagnosis and treatment. The prerequisites for applying mini invasive approach are both the hemodynamic stability of the patient and an adequate surgical expertise in advanced laparoscopy.