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Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the predictive value of staging and grading parameters concerning the presence of lymph-node metastases, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HE-stains of 135 surgic...

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Autores principales: Wunschel, Michael, Neumeier, Miriam, Utpatel, Kirsten, Reichert, Torsten E., Ettl, Tobias, Spanier, Gerrit
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601998
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03421-2
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author Wunschel, Michael
Neumeier, Miriam
Utpatel, Kirsten
Reichert, Torsten E.
Ettl, Tobias
Spanier, Gerrit
author_facet Wunschel, Michael
Neumeier, Miriam
Utpatel, Kirsten
Reichert, Torsten E.
Ettl, Tobias
Spanier, Gerrit
author_sort Wunschel, Michael
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the predictive value of staging and grading parameters concerning the presence of lymph-node metastases, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HE-stains of 135 surgically treated (R0) primary OSCCs were analyzed using a both microscopic and software-based approach. Depth of invasion (DOI) and resection margins (RM) were measured, and each case was graded according to the malignancy grading system as described by Anneroth et al. and Bryne et al. on two different sites of the tumor (surface and invasion front; TS and IF). RESULTS: Parameters that could be identified as significant predictors of OS and RFS were UICC cancer stage (p = 0.009 and p = 0.012); pT-stage as defined in the 7th edition (p = 0.029 and 0.015) and, after restaging using DOI, 8th edition (p = 0.023 and p = 0.005) of the TNM classification of malignant tumors; the presence of lymphonodular metastases (LM) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.011); degree of keratinization (p = 0.029 and p = 0.042); and pattern of growth (p = 0.029 and p = 0.024) at the TS after applying a binary scale for both parameters. Also, when directly comparing the most extreme subgroups (scores 1 and 4) of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration at the IF, there was a significant difference in OS (p = 0.046) and RFS (p = 0.005). Invasion of blood vessels (p = 0.013) and perineural invasion (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with a lower OS. Age lower than 60 years (univariate p = 0.029, multivariate p = 0.031), infiltration of lymphatic vessels (p = 0.003), infiltration of nerves (p = 0.010), pT-stage (8th edition) (p = 0.014), degree of keratinization at the IF (p = 0.033), and nuclear polymorphism at the IF (p = 0.043) after conversion to a binary scale were found to be significant prognostic parameters regarding the presence of LM. DOI evolved as a significant predictor for OS (p = 0.006), RFS (p = 0.003), and LM (p = 0.032) in metric and grouped analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current evaluation revealed depth of invasion as strongest histologic predictor of metastatic tumor growth, overall survival, and relapse-free survival in OSCC, confirming the current adaption of the T-classification. Other distinct histologic grading parameters investigated during this study can give valuable indications of a tumor’s potential aggressiveness, but the exact site, mode, and procedure need further exploration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Integrating measurement of DOI also into the pretherapeutic staging process could aid in treatment planning.
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spelling pubmed-78782662021-02-22 Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma Wunschel, Michael Neumeier, Miriam Utpatel, Kirsten Reichert, Torsten E. Ettl, Tobias Spanier, Gerrit Clin Oral Investig Original Article OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the predictive value of staging and grading parameters concerning the presence of lymph-node metastases, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HE-stains of 135 surgically treated (R0) primary OSCCs were analyzed using a both microscopic and software-based approach. Depth of invasion (DOI) and resection margins (RM) were measured, and each case was graded according to the malignancy grading system as described by Anneroth et al. and Bryne et al. on two different sites of the tumor (surface and invasion front; TS and IF). RESULTS: Parameters that could be identified as significant predictors of OS and RFS were UICC cancer stage (p = 0.009 and p = 0.012); pT-stage as defined in the 7th edition (p = 0.029 and 0.015) and, after restaging using DOI, 8th edition (p = 0.023 and p = 0.005) of the TNM classification of malignant tumors; the presence of lymphonodular metastases (LM) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.011); degree of keratinization (p = 0.029 and p = 0.042); and pattern of growth (p = 0.029 and p = 0.024) at the TS after applying a binary scale for both parameters. Also, when directly comparing the most extreme subgroups (scores 1 and 4) of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration at the IF, there was a significant difference in OS (p = 0.046) and RFS (p = 0.005). Invasion of blood vessels (p = 0.013) and perineural invasion (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with a lower OS. Age lower than 60 years (univariate p = 0.029, multivariate p = 0.031), infiltration of lymphatic vessels (p = 0.003), infiltration of nerves (p = 0.010), pT-stage (8th edition) (p = 0.014), degree of keratinization at the IF (p = 0.033), and nuclear polymorphism at the IF (p = 0.043) after conversion to a binary scale were found to be significant prognostic parameters regarding the presence of LM. DOI evolved as a significant predictor for OS (p = 0.006), RFS (p = 0.003), and LM (p = 0.032) in metric and grouped analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current evaluation revealed depth of invasion as strongest histologic predictor of metastatic tumor growth, overall survival, and relapse-free survival in OSCC, confirming the current adaption of the T-classification. Other distinct histologic grading parameters investigated during this study can give valuable indications of a tumor’s potential aggressiveness, but the exact site, mode, and procedure need further exploration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Integrating measurement of DOI also into the pretherapeutic staging process could aid in treatment planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-06-29 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7878266/ /pubmed/32601998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03421-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Original Article
Wunschel, Michael
Neumeier, Miriam
Utpatel, Kirsten
Reichert, Torsten E.
Ettl, Tobias
Spanier, Gerrit
Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_full Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_fullStr Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_short Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_sort staging more important than grading? evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32601998
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03421-2
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