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Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, is an ancient marine arthropod with a long evolutionary history. As a kind of living fossil species, the pathogen defenses of horseshoe crabs entirely depend on the innate immune system. Although, there are abundant immune molecules found in the horses...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878551/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.584808 |
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author | Wang, Wei-Feng Xie, Xiao-Yong Chen, Kang Chen, Xiu-Li Zhu, Wei-Lin Wang, Huan-Ling |
author_facet | Wang, Wei-Feng Xie, Xiao-Yong Chen, Kang Chen, Xiu-Li Zhu, Wei-Lin Wang, Huan-Ling |
author_sort | Wang, Wei-Feng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, is an ancient marine arthropod with a long evolutionary history. As a kind of living fossil species, the pathogen defenses of horseshoe crabs entirely depend on the innate immune system. Although, there are abundant immune molecules found in the horseshoe crab hemolymph, the biological mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing at mRNA and protein levels and bioinformatics analysis methods to systematically analyze the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacteria in hemolymph of Chinese horseshoe crab. These results showed that many genes in the complement and coagulation cascades, Toll, NF-κB, C-type lectin receptor, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways, and antimicrobial substances were activated at 12 and 24 h post-infection, suggesting that Gram-negative bacteria could activate the hemolymph coagulation cascade and antibacterial substances release via the above pathways. In addition, we conjectured that Toll and NF-κB signaling pathway were most likely to participate in the immune response to Gram-negative bacteria in hemolymph of horseshoe crab through an integral signal cascade. These findings will provide a useful reference for exploring the ancient original innate immune mechanism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7878551 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78785512021-02-13 Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus Wang, Wei-Feng Xie, Xiao-Yong Chen, Kang Chen, Xiu-Li Zhu, Wei-Lin Wang, Huan-Ling Front Immunol Immunology Chinese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, is an ancient marine arthropod with a long evolutionary history. As a kind of living fossil species, the pathogen defenses of horseshoe crabs entirely depend on the innate immune system. Although, there are abundant immune molecules found in the horseshoe crab hemolymph, the biological mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing at mRNA and protein levels and bioinformatics analysis methods to systematically analyze the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacteria in hemolymph of Chinese horseshoe crab. These results showed that many genes in the complement and coagulation cascades, Toll, NF-κB, C-type lectin receptor, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways, and antimicrobial substances were activated at 12 and 24 h post-infection, suggesting that Gram-negative bacteria could activate the hemolymph coagulation cascade and antibacterial substances release via the above pathways. In addition, we conjectured that Toll and NF-κB signaling pathway were most likely to participate in the immune response to Gram-negative bacteria in hemolymph of horseshoe crab through an integral signal cascade. These findings will provide a useful reference for exploring the ancient original innate immune mechanism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7878551/ /pubmed/33584649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.584808 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wang, Xie, Chen, Chen, Zhu and Wang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Wang, Wei-Feng Xie, Xiao-Yong Chen, Kang Chen, Xiu-Li Zhu, Wei-Lin Wang, Huan-Ling Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus |
title | Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
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title_full | Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
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title_fullStr | Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
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title_full_unstemmed | Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
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title_short | Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
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title_sort | immune responses to gram-negative bacteria in hemolymph of the chinese horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878551/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33584649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.584808 |
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