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On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook
The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair, replacement, or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages. Traditionally, smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli. However, the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh lo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33574225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00131-z |
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author | Montoya, Carolina Du, Yu Gianforcaro, Anthony L. Orrego, Santiago Yang, Maobin Lelkes, Peter I. |
author_facet | Montoya, Carolina Du, Yu Gianforcaro, Anthony L. Orrego, Santiago Yang, Maobin Lelkes, Peter I. |
author_sort | Montoya, Carolina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair, replacement, or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages. Traditionally, smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli. However, the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials. This review presents a redefinition of the term “Smart Biomaterial” and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration. To clarify the use of the term “smart biomaterials”, we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit, defining these materials as inert, active, responsive, and autonomous. Then, we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues, based on the materials’ responses (external and internal stimuli) and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials. Finally, we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research (bench) to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7878740 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78787402021-02-24 On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook Montoya, Carolina Du, Yu Gianforcaro, Anthony L. Orrego, Santiago Yang, Maobin Lelkes, Peter I. Bone Res Review Article The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair, replacement, or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages. Traditionally, smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli. However, the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials. This review presents a redefinition of the term “Smart Biomaterial” and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration. To clarify the use of the term “smart biomaterials”, we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit, defining these materials as inert, active, responsive, and autonomous. Then, we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues, based on the materials’ responses (external and internal stimuli) and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials. Finally, we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research (bench) to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7878740/ /pubmed/33574225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00131-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Montoya, Carolina Du, Yu Gianforcaro, Anthony L. Orrego, Santiago Yang, Maobin Lelkes, Peter I. On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title | On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title_full | On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title_fullStr | On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title_full_unstemmed | On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title_short | On the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
title_sort | on the road to smart biomaterials for bone research: definitions, concepts, advances, and outlook |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7878740/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33574225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00131-z |
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