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The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies
Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
European Respiratory Society
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7879496/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33568525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0242-2020 |
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author | Bourdrel, Thomas Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Alahmad, Barrak Maesano, Cara N. Bind, Marie-Abèle |
author_facet | Bourdrel, Thomas Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Alahmad, Barrak Maesano, Cara N. Bind, Marie-Abèle |
author_sort | Bourdrel, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies from the existing literature. Epidemiological investigations have related various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality at the population level, however, those studies suffer from several limitations. Air pollution may be linked to an increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality through its impact on chronic diseases, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exposure to air pollution leads to a decreased immune response, thus facilitating viral penetration and replication. Viruses may persist in air through complex interactions with particles and gases depending on: 1) chemical composition; 2) electric charges of particles; and 3) meteorological conditions such as relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. In addition, by reducing UV radiation, air pollutants may promote viral persistence in air and reduce vitamin D synthesis. Further epidemiological studies are needed to better estimate the impact of air pollution on COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are also strongly needed, in particular to more precisely explore the particle–virus interaction in air. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7879496 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | European Respiratory Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78794962021-02-12 The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies Bourdrel, Thomas Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Alahmad, Barrak Maesano, Cara N. Bind, Marie-Abèle Eur Respir Rev Reviews Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection remain unclear. Here we provide evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies from the existing literature. Epidemiological investigations have related various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality at the population level, however, those studies suffer from several limitations. Air pollution may be linked to an increase in COVID-19 severity and lethality through its impact on chronic diseases, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exposure to air pollution leads to a decreased immune response, thus facilitating viral penetration and replication. Viruses may persist in air through complex interactions with particles and gases depending on: 1) chemical composition; 2) electric charges of particles; and 3) meteorological conditions such as relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature. In addition, by reducing UV radiation, air pollutants may promote viral persistence in air and reduce vitamin D synthesis. Further epidemiological studies are needed to better estimate the impact of air pollution on COVID-19. In vitro and in vivo studies are also strongly needed, in particular to more precisely explore the particle–virus interaction in air. European Respiratory Society 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7879496/ /pubmed/33568525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0242-2020 Text en Copyright ©ERS 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Bourdrel, Thomas Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Alahmad, Barrak Maesano, Cara N. Bind, Marie-Abèle The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title | The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title_full | The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title_fullStr | The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title_full_unstemmed | The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title_short | The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
title_sort | impact of outdoor air pollution on covid-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7879496/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33568525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0242-2020 |
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