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Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition

Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated memory transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for epis...

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Autores principales: Marsh, Rosemary J., Dorahy, Martin J., Butler, Chandele, Middleton, Warwick, de Jong, Peter J., Kemp, Simon, Huntjens, Rafaele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7880432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33577556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245849
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author Marsh, Rosemary J.
Dorahy, Martin J.
Butler, Chandele
Middleton, Warwick
de Jong, Peter J.
Kemp, Simon
Huntjens, Rafaele
author_facet Marsh, Rosemary J.
Dorahy, Martin J.
Butler, Chandele
Middleton, Warwick
de Jong, Peter J.
Kemp, Simon
Huntjens, Rafaele
author_sort Marsh, Rosemary J.
collection PubMed
description Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated memory transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual memory impairment.
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spelling pubmed-78804322021-02-19 Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition Marsh, Rosemary J. Dorahy, Martin J. Butler, Chandele Middleton, Warwick de Jong, Peter J. Kemp, Simon Huntjens, Rafaele PLoS One Research Article Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated memory transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual memory impairment. Public Library of Science 2021-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7880432/ /pubmed/33577556 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245849 Text en © 2021 Marsh et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Marsh, Rosemary J.
Dorahy, Martin J.
Butler, Chandele
Middleton, Warwick
de Jong, Peter J.
Kemp, Simon
Huntjens, Rafaele
Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title_full Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title_fullStr Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title_full_unstemmed Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title_short Inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in Dissociative Identity Disorder: An assessment of recall and recognition
title_sort inter-identity amnesia for neutral episodic self-referential and autobiographical memory in dissociative identity disorder: an assessment of recall and recognition
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7880432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33577556
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245849
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