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Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SAGE Publications
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7882814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544 |
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author | Ishak, Basem Dupont, Graham Lachkar, Stefan Yilmaz, Emre Glinski, Alexander Von Altafulla, Juan Kikuta, Shogo Iwanaga, Joe Chapman, Jens R Oskouian, Rod Tubbs, R. Shane |
author_facet | Ishak, Basem Dupont, Graham Lachkar, Stefan Yilmaz, Emre Glinski, Alexander Von Altafulla, Juan Kikuta, Shogo Iwanaga, Joe Chapman, Jens R Oskouian, Rod Tubbs, R. Shane |
author_sort | Ishak, Basem |
collection | PubMed |
description | STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS: Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS: The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS: The transverse ligament’s failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament’s failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7882814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78828142021-02-23 Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly Ishak, Basem Dupont, Graham Lachkar, Stefan Yilmaz, Emre Glinski, Alexander Von Altafulla, Juan Kikuta, Shogo Iwanaga, Joe Chapman, Jens R Oskouian, Rod Tubbs, R. Shane Global Spine J Original Articles STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS: Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS: The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS: The transverse ligament’s failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament’s failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date. SAGE Publications 2020-01-07 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7882814/ /pubmed/32875854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Ishak, Basem Dupont, Graham Lachkar, Stefan Yilmaz, Emre Glinski, Alexander Von Altafulla, Juan Kikuta, Shogo Iwanaga, Joe Chapman, Jens R Oskouian, Rod Tubbs, R. Shane Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title | Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title_full | Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title_fullStr | Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title_full_unstemmed | Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title_short | Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly |
title_sort | update on the biomechanics of the craniocervical junction—part i: transverse atlantal ligament in the elderly |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7882814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544 |
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