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Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly

STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for...

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Autores principales: Ishak, Basem, Dupont, Graham, Lachkar, Stefan, Yilmaz, Emre, Glinski, Alexander Von, Altafulla, Juan, Kikuta, Shogo, Iwanaga, Joe, Chapman, Jens R, Oskouian, Rod, Tubbs, R. Shane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7882814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875854
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544
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author Ishak, Basem
Dupont, Graham
Lachkar, Stefan
Yilmaz, Emre
Glinski, Alexander Von
Altafulla, Juan
Kikuta, Shogo
Iwanaga, Joe
Chapman, Jens R
Oskouian, Rod
Tubbs, R. Shane
author_facet Ishak, Basem
Dupont, Graham
Lachkar, Stefan
Yilmaz, Emre
Glinski, Alexander Von
Altafulla, Juan
Kikuta, Shogo
Iwanaga, Joe
Chapman, Jens R
Oskouian, Rod
Tubbs, R. Shane
author_sort Ishak, Basem
collection PubMed
description STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS: Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS: The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS: The transverse ligament’s failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament’s failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date.
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spelling pubmed-78828142021-02-23 Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly Ishak, Basem Dupont, Graham Lachkar, Stefan Yilmaz, Emre Glinski, Alexander Von Altafulla, Juan Kikuta, Shogo Iwanaga, Joe Chapman, Jens R Oskouian, Rod Tubbs, R. Shane Global Spine J Original Articles STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS: Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS: The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS: The transverse ligament’s failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament’s failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date. SAGE Publications 2020-01-07 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7882814/ /pubmed/32875854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Articles
Ishak, Basem
Dupont, Graham
Lachkar, Stefan
Yilmaz, Emre
Glinski, Alexander Von
Altafulla, Juan
Kikuta, Shogo
Iwanaga, Joe
Chapman, Jens R
Oskouian, Rod
Tubbs, R. Shane
Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title_full Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title_fullStr Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title_full_unstemmed Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title_short Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction—Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly
title_sort update on the biomechanics of the craniocervical junction—part i: transverse atlantal ligament in the elderly
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7882814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875854
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219896544
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