Long-term follow-up of traumatized immature necrotic permanent teeth treated with regenerative endodontic protocol using platelet-rich fibrin: A prospective case series

The purpose of this prospective case series was to report the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), in traumatized immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. Six immature necrotic permanent maxillary central incisors from six patients were treated with REP supplemented with PRF. Patients were recalled at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Radiographic changes in the radiographic root area (RRA), apical diameter, root thickness, and root length were quantified. Clinically, tooth survival in terms of tooth retention in the arch and absence of any sign and symptoms of endodontic pathology were noted. All the teeth survived and met the clinical criteria for success throughout the follow-up period. Follow-up radiographs at 5 years revealed complete resolution of the periapical lesions in all patients and the average apical diameter decrease was 30.96%. An average increase of 13.18% for root length, 40.20% for root thickness, and 26.35% for RRA were noted.