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Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran
BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has impacted populations in many ways worldwide, including access to oral health services. This study aims to assess the association between lockdown due to COVID-19 and online searches for toothache in Iran using Google Trends (GT). METHODS: We...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7883957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33588832 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01428-z |
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author | Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad Shamsoddin, Erfan Ghasemi, Peyman Mehrabi Bahar, Ali Shaban Azad, Mansour Sadeghi, Ghasem |
author_facet | Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad Shamsoddin, Erfan Ghasemi, Peyman Mehrabi Bahar, Ali Shaban Azad, Mansour Sadeghi, Ghasem |
author_sort | Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has impacted populations in many ways worldwide, including access to oral health services. This study aims to assess the association between lockdown due to COVID-19 and online searches for toothache in Iran using Google Trends (GT). METHODS: We investigated GT online searches for toothache within the past five years. The time frame for data gathering was considered as the initiation and end dates of the national lockdown in Iran. We performed one-way ANOVA statistical test to compare relative search volumes (RSVs) between the year 2020 and 2016–2019 for the whole country. Then we investigated the possible association of RSVs in provinces with dentists’ density, prevalence of current daily smokers, Human Development Index (HDI), Internet access, and fluoride concentration in water using linear regression. RESULTS: When comparing 2020 with the previous four years, there was a rise of 2020 RSVs versus all previous years combined and each year (P < 0.001 for all of them). In the linear model for the year 2020, HDI (B = − 3.29, 95% CI: (− 5.80, − 0.78), P = 0.012) had a strong negative relationship with provincial RSVs. HDI mostly had strong positive relationship with provincial RSVs in prior years. Fluoride concentration (B = − 0.13, 95% CI: (− 0.24, − 0.03), P = 0.017) and dentists’ density (B = − 0.04, 95% CI: (− 0.25, 0.17), P = 0.669) were also negatively associated with RSVs in 2020. These associations were mostly negative in the previous years as well. Internet access (B = 0.36, 95% CI: (− 0.38, 1.09), P = 0.325) and prevalence of daily smokers (B = 0.33, 95% CI: (0.13, 0.53), P = 0.002) were positively associated with RSVs. CONCLUSION: The RSVs for toothache in 2020 have increased due to COVID-19-imposed lockdown compared with the same period in the past four years. This increase was related to socioeconomic factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01428-z. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7883957 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78839572021-02-16 Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad Shamsoddin, Erfan Ghasemi, Peyman Mehrabi Bahar, Ali Shaban Azad, Mansour Sadeghi, Ghasem BMC Oral Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has impacted populations in many ways worldwide, including access to oral health services. This study aims to assess the association between lockdown due to COVID-19 and online searches for toothache in Iran using Google Trends (GT). METHODS: We investigated GT online searches for toothache within the past five years. The time frame for data gathering was considered as the initiation and end dates of the national lockdown in Iran. We performed one-way ANOVA statistical test to compare relative search volumes (RSVs) between the year 2020 and 2016–2019 for the whole country. Then we investigated the possible association of RSVs in provinces with dentists’ density, prevalence of current daily smokers, Human Development Index (HDI), Internet access, and fluoride concentration in water using linear regression. RESULTS: When comparing 2020 with the previous four years, there was a rise of 2020 RSVs versus all previous years combined and each year (P < 0.001 for all of them). In the linear model for the year 2020, HDI (B = − 3.29, 95% CI: (− 5.80, − 0.78), P = 0.012) had a strong negative relationship with provincial RSVs. HDI mostly had strong positive relationship with provincial RSVs in prior years. Fluoride concentration (B = − 0.13, 95% CI: (− 0.24, − 0.03), P = 0.017) and dentists’ density (B = − 0.04, 95% CI: (− 0.25, 0.17), P = 0.669) were also negatively associated with RSVs in 2020. These associations were mostly negative in the previous years as well. Internet access (B = 0.36, 95% CI: (− 0.38, 1.09), P = 0.325) and prevalence of daily smokers (B = 0.33, 95% CI: (0.13, 0.53), P = 0.002) were positively associated with RSVs. CONCLUSION: The RSVs for toothache in 2020 have increased due to COVID-19-imposed lockdown compared with the same period in the past four years. This increase was related to socioeconomic factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01428-z. BioMed Central 2021-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7883957/ /pubmed/33588832 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01428-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad Shamsoddin, Erfan Ghasemi, Peyman Mehrabi Bahar, Ali Shaban Azad, Mansour Sadeghi, Ghasem Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title | Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title_full | Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title_fullStr | Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title_short | Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in Iran |
title_sort | association of covid-19-imposed lockdown and online searches for toothache in iran |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7883957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33588832 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01428-z |
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