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Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry
OBJECTIVES: Germanium-68/gallium-68 ((68)Ge/(68)Ga) generator eluate contains a number of metal cations that can compete with (68)GaCl(3), reducing specific radioactivity. The first step in peptide labeling with (68)GaCl(3) is to remove (68)Ge and several other metals with a long half-life. In this...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Galenos Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885278/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33586405 http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.58569 |
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author | Uğur, Ayşe Yaylalı, Olga Yüksel, Doğangün |
author_facet | Uğur, Ayşe Yaylalı, Olga Yüksel, Doğangün |
author_sort | Uğur, Ayşe |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Germanium-68/gallium-68 ((68)Ge/(68)Ga) generator eluate contains a number of metal cations that can compete with (68)GaCl(3), reducing specific radioactivity. The first step in peptide labeling with (68)GaCl(3) is to remove (68)Ge and several other metals with a long half-life. In this purification step, the elution residue that is passed through the cartridge is collected in glass waste bottles. Waste management is included in good production practices, and in particular, the activity of long half-life (68)Ge (270.95 days) and other toxic metal levels need to be examined. Our objective in this study is to determine the (68)Ge activity in liquid waste produced by the generation of (68)Ga and heavy metal concentrations from the generator column materials and to assess whether it can be disposed of as normal waste. METHODS: Liquid wastes produced by passing the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate of 2 different identities via PSH+ cartridge have been analyzed with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device in the advanced technology application and research center of our university. RESULTS: The average of the (68)Ge radioactive pollution was estimated to be 0.142 ppm (μg.mL(-1)) in the liquid waste analysis after passing through the PSH+ cartridge in the pre-elution in the GalluGEN brand generator. While there was no tin (Sn) impurity, it was determined that the average zinc (Zn) was 1.95 ppm (μg.mL(-1)) and the average aluminum (Al) impurity was 10.95 ppm (μg.mL(-1)). While no (68)Ge radioactive pollution was determined in the iThemba LABS brand generator, the average Sn was 0.098 ppm (μg.mL(-1)), average Zn 48.6 ppm (μg.mL(-1)), and average Al impurity 4.135 ppm (μg.mL(-1)). CONCLUSION: All (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators produced have their own certificates. Metallic contamination in the postmarking waste of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators can be different. It would be a safe method to keep these wastes in place until they are dumped into the sewage systems, given their half-lives in terms of long half-life radioactive metallic contamination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7885278 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Galenos Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78852782021-02-23 Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry Uğur, Ayşe Yaylalı, Olga Yüksel, Doğangün Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther Original Article OBJECTIVES: Germanium-68/gallium-68 ((68)Ge/(68)Ga) generator eluate contains a number of metal cations that can compete with (68)GaCl(3), reducing specific radioactivity. The first step in peptide labeling with (68)GaCl(3) is to remove (68)Ge and several other metals with a long half-life. In this purification step, the elution residue that is passed through the cartridge is collected in glass waste bottles. Waste management is included in good production practices, and in particular, the activity of long half-life (68)Ge (270.95 days) and other toxic metal levels need to be examined. Our objective in this study is to determine the (68)Ge activity in liquid waste produced by the generation of (68)Ga and heavy metal concentrations from the generator column materials and to assess whether it can be disposed of as normal waste. METHODS: Liquid wastes produced by passing the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator eluate of 2 different identities via PSH+ cartridge have been analyzed with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device in the advanced technology application and research center of our university. RESULTS: The average of the (68)Ge radioactive pollution was estimated to be 0.142 ppm (μg.mL(-1)) in the liquid waste analysis after passing through the PSH+ cartridge in the pre-elution in the GalluGEN brand generator. While there was no tin (Sn) impurity, it was determined that the average zinc (Zn) was 1.95 ppm (μg.mL(-1)) and the average aluminum (Al) impurity was 10.95 ppm (μg.mL(-1)). While no (68)Ge radioactive pollution was determined in the iThemba LABS brand generator, the average Sn was 0.098 ppm (μg.mL(-1)), average Zn 48.6 ppm (μg.mL(-1)), and average Al impurity 4.135 ppm (μg.mL(-1)). CONCLUSION: All (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators produced have their own certificates. Metallic contamination in the postmarking waste of (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators can be different. It would be a safe method to keep these wastes in place until they are dumped into the sewage systems, given their half-lives in terms of long half-life radioactive metallic contamination. Galenos Publishing 2021-02 2021-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7885278/ /pubmed/33586405 http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.58569 Text en ©Copyright 2021 by Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine | Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy published by Galenos Yayınevi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Uğur, Ayşe Yaylalı, Olga Yüksel, Doğangün Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title | Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title_full | Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title_fullStr | Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title_short | Comparison of Radiochemical and Chemical Impurities in Liquid Wastes of Two Different (68)Ge/(68)Ga Generators used in Nuclear Medicine PET Chemistry |
title_sort | comparison of radiochemical and chemical impurities in liquid wastes of two different (68)ge/(68)ga generators used in nuclear medicine pet chemistry |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885278/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33586405 http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.58569 |
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