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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities

Staphylococcus aureus causes significant infections, responsible for toxic shock syndrome (TSS), hemorrhagic pneumonia, and many other infections. S. aureus secretes virulence factors, which include superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). We examined differences in immunobiological...

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Autores principales: Chuang-Smith, Olivia N., Schlievert, Patrick M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885323/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504664
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.01153-20
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author Chuang-Smith, Olivia N.
Schlievert, Patrick M.
author_facet Chuang-Smith, Olivia N.
Schlievert, Patrick M.
author_sort Chuang-Smith, Olivia N.
collection PubMed
description Staphylococcus aureus causes significant infections, responsible for toxic shock syndrome (TSS), hemorrhagic pneumonia, and many other infections. S. aureus secretes virulence factors, which include superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). We examined differences in immunobiological activities and disease associations among the four human SEC subtypes. We sequenced the sec gene from 35 human isolates to determine SEC subtypes. Upon finding differences in disease association, we used a [(3)H]thymidine uptake assay to examine SEC-induced superantigenicity. We also employed a rabbit model of SEC-induced TSS. SEC-2 and SEC-3 were associated with menstrual TSS and vaginal isolates from healthy women, whereas SEC-4 was produced by USA400 isolates causing purpura fulminans and hemorrhagic pneumonia. SEC subtypes differed in potency in a TSS rabbit model and in superantigenicity. There was no difference in superantigenicity when tested on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Despite differences, all SECs reacted with polyclonal antibodies raised against the other SEC subtypes. The associations of SEC subtypes with different infections suggest that S. aureus produces virulence factors according to host niches. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcal enterotoxin C has four subtypes that cause human diseases, designated SEC-1 to -4. This study shows that SEC-2 and SEC-3 are the most toxic subtypes in a rabbit model and are associated with human vaginal infections or colonization in association with another superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. SEC-4 is associated with purpura fulminans and hemorrhagic pneumonia. SEC-1 is uncommon. The data suggest that there is some selective pressure for the SEC subtypes to be associated with certain human niches.
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spelling pubmed-78853232021-02-19 Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities Chuang-Smith, Olivia N. Schlievert, Patrick M. mSphere Research Article Staphylococcus aureus causes significant infections, responsible for toxic shock syndrome (TSS), hemorrhagic pneumonia, and many other infections. S. aureus secretes virulence factors, which include superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). We examined differences in immunobiological activities and disease associations among the four human SEC subtypes. We sequenced the sec gene from 35 human isolates to determine SEC subtypes. Upon finding differences in disease association, we used a [(3)H]thymidine uptake assay to examine SEC-induced superantigenicity. We also employed a rabbit model of SEC-induced TSS. SEC-2 and SEC-3 were associated with menstrual TSS and vaginal isolates from healthy women, whereas SEC-4 was produced by USA400 isolates causing purpura fulminans and hemorrhagic pneumonia. SEC subtypes differed in potency in a TSS rabbit model and in superantigenicity. There was no difference in superantigenicity when tested on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Despite differences, all SECs reacted with polyclonal antibodies raised against the other SEC subtypes. The associations of SEC subtypes with different infections suggest that S. aureus produces virulence factors according to host niches. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcal enterotoxin C has four subtypes that cause human diseases, designated SEC-1 to -4. This study shows that SEC-2 and SEC-3 are the most toxic subtypes in a rabbit model and are associated with human vaginal infections or colonization in association with another superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. SEC-4 is associated with purpura fulminans and hemorrhagic pneumonia. SEC-1 is uncommon. The data suggest that there is some selective pressure for the SEC subtypes to be associated with certain human niches. American Society for Microbiology 2021-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7885323/ /pubmed/33504664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.01153-20 Text en Copyright © 2021 Chuang-Smith and Schlievert. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Chuang-Smith, Olivia N.
Schlievert, Patrick M.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title_full Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title_fullStr Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title_full_unstemmed Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title_short Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
title_sort staphylococcal enterotoxin c subtypes are differentially associated with human infections and immunobiological activities
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7885323/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504664
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.01153-20
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