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The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 196 countries worldwide. The physiopathology of human SARS-CoV-2 has not been completely unders...

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Autores principales: Darif, Dounia, Hammi, Ikram, Kihel, Ayyoub, El Idrissi Saik, Imane, Guessous, Fadila, Akarid, Khadija
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889464/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33609650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104799
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author Darif, Dounia
Hammi, Ikram
Kihel, Ayyoub
El Idrissi Saik, Imane
Guessous, Fadila
Akarid, Khadija
author_facet Darif, Dounia
Hammi, Ikram
Kihel, Ayyoub
El Idrissi Saik, Imane
Guessous, Fadila
Akarid, Khadija
author_sort Darif, Dounia
collection PubMed
description The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 196 countries worldwide. The physiopathology of human SARS-CoV-2 has not been completely understood, but its pathogenesis has been linked to a disproportionate response of the immune system. Just as described for SARS and MERS, an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. It results from the release by immune and non-immune effector cells of substantial amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and appears to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage. In addition, hyper-coagulation and thrombosis resulted from the important release of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the lethality of subjects severely infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is therefore essential to have a deep understanding of the various cytokines involved in this exacerbated immune response, and that could be targeted by potential immunological treatments. The aim of this review was to gather the current knowledge about the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and TNFα in SARS-CoV-2 CRS, the probable causes and clinical outcomes of this phenomenon in severe cases of COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-78894642021-02-18 The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong? Darif, Dounia Hammi, Ikram Kihel, Ayyoub El Idrissi Saik, Imane Guessous, Fadila Akarid, Khadija Microb Pathog Article The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 196 countries worldwide. The physiopathology of human SARS-CoV-2 has not been completely understood, but its pathogenesis has been linked to a disproportionate response of the immune system. Just as described for SARS and MERS, an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. It results from the release by immune and non-immune effector cells of substantial amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and appears to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage. In addition, hyper-coagulation and thrombosis resulted from the important release of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the lethality of subjects severely infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is therefore essential to have a deep understanding of the various cytokines involved in this exacerbated immune response, and that could be targeted by potential immunological treatments. The aim of this review was to gather the current knowledge about the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and TNFα in SARS-CoV-2 CRS, the probable causes and clinical outcomes of this phenomenon in severe cases of COVID-19. Elsevier Ltd. 2021-04 2021-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7889464/ /pubmed/33609650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104799 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Darif, Dounia
Hammi, Ikram
Kihel, Ayyoub
El Idrissi Saik, Imane
Guessous, Fadila
Akarid, Khadija
The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title_full The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title_fullStr The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title_full_unstemmed The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title_short The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?
title_sort pro-inflammatory cytokines in covid-19 pathogenesis: what goes wrong?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889464/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33609650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104799
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