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Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task
Cigarette smoking and other addictive behaviors are among the main preventable risk factors for several severe and potentially fatal diseases. It has been argued that addictive behavior is controlled by an automatic-implicit cognitive system and by a reflective-explicit cognitive system, that operat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33613219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.634994 |
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author | Wagner-Altendorf, Tobias A. van der Lugt, Arie H. Banfield, Jane F. Deibel, Jacqueline Cirkel, Anna Heldmann, Marcus Münte, Thomas F. |
author_facet | Wagner-Altendorf, Tobias A. van der Lugt, Arie H. Banfield, Jane F. Deibel, Jacqueline Cirkel, Anna Heldmann, Marcus Münte, Thomas F. |
author_sort | Wagner-Altendorf, Tobias A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cigarette smoking and other addictive behaviors are among the main preventable risk factors for several severe and potentially fatal diseases. It has been argued that addictive behavior is controlled by an automatic-implicit cognitive system and by a reflective-explicit cognitive system, that operate in parallel to jointly drive human behavior. The present study addresses the formation of implicit attitudes towards smoking in both smokers and non-smokers, using a Go/NoGo association task (GNAT), and behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. The GNAT assesses, via quantifying participants’ reaction times, the strength of association between a target category and either pole of an evaluative dimension (positive or negative). EEG analysis is performed to determine the temporal course of the event-related potential (ERP) components underlying Go/NoGo decisions and implicit attitude formation. Both smokers and non-smokers showed prolonged reaction times to smoking-related pictures when the pictures were coupled with positive evaluative words (“incongruent condition”). This indicates negative implicit attitudes towards smoking in both groups alike at the time point of the behavioral response (600–700 ms post-stimulus). However, only the non-smokers, not the smokers, were found to show a delay of the N200 component in the incongruent condition. This is interpreted as reflecting ambivalent or even positive implicit attitudes towards smoking in the smoker group at the time point of the N200 (300–400 ms post-stimulus). Our study thus provides evidence for the hypothesis that implicit attitudes are subject to changes within several hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation, and can be altered in the course of their formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7892465 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78924652021-02-20 Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task Wagner-Altendorf, Tobias A. van der Lugt, Arie H. Banfield, Jane F. Deibel, Jacqueline Cirkel, Anna Heldmann, Marcus Münte, Thomas F. Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Cigarette smoking and other addictive behaviors are among the main preventable risk factors for several severe and potentially fatal diseases. It has been argued that addictive behavior is controlled by an automatic-implicit cognitive system and by a reflective-explicit cognitive system, that operate in parallel to jointly drive human behavior. The present study addresses the formation of implicit attitudes towards smoking in both smokers and non-smokers, using a Go/NoGo association task (GNAT), and behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. The GNAT assesses, via quantifying participants’ reaction times, the strength of association between a target category and either pole of an evaluative dimension (positive or negative). EEG analysis is performed to determine the temporal course of the event-related potential (ERP) components underlying Go/NoGo decisions and implicit attitude formation. Both smokers and non-smokers showed prolonged reaction times to smoking-related pictures when the pictures were coupled with positive evaluative words (“incongruent condition”). This indicates negative implicit attitudes towards smoking in both groups alike at the time point of the behavioral response (600–700 ms post-stimulus). However, only the non-smokers, not the smokers, were found to show a delay of the N200 component in the incongruent condition. This is interpreted as reflecting ambivalent or even positive implicit attitudes towards smoking in the smoker group at the time point of the N200 (300–400 ms post-stimulus). Our study thus provides evidence for the hypothesis that implicit attitudes are subject to changes within several hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation, and can be altered in the course of their formation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7892465/ /pubmed/33613219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.634994 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wagner-Altendorf, van der Lugt, Banfield, Deibel, Cirkel, Heldmann and Münte. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Human Neuroscience Wagner-Altendorf, Tobias A. van der Lugt, Arie H. Banfield, Jane F. Deibel, Jacqueline Cirkel, Anna Heldmann, Marcus Münte, Thomas F. Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title | Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title_full | Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title_fullStr | Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title_full_unstemmed | Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title_short | Studying Implicit Attitudes Towards Smoking: Event-Related Potentials in the Go/NoGo Association Task |
title_sort | studying implicit attitudes towards smoking: event-related potentials in the go/nogo association task |
topic | Human Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7892465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33613219 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.634994 |
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