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Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices

The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been traditio...

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Autor principal: Batle, Josep
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7893179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33603046
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83359-x
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author Batle, Josep
author_facet Batle, Josep
author_sort Batle, Josep
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description The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been traditionally explained on the basis of numerical evidence. Here we propose the emerging formation of vortices as the natural minimum energy configuration of interacting (in-plane) two-dimensional dipoles based on the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As opposed to the quantal case, where spin textures such as skyrmions or bimerons occur due to non-linearities in their Hamiltonian, it is still possible to witness classic topological structures due only to the nature of the dipole–dipole force. We shall present other (new) topological structures for the in-plane honeycomb lattice, as well as for two-dimensional out-of-plane dipoles. These structures will prove to be essential in the minimum energy configurations for three-dimensional simple hexagonal and hexagonal-closed-packed structures, whose energies in the bulk are obtained for the first time.
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spelling pubmed-78931792021-02-23 Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices Batle, Josep Sci Rep Article The interplay between the special triangular/hexagonal two dimensional lattice and the long range dipole–dipole interaction gives rise to topological defects, specifically the vortex, formed by a particular arrangement of the interacting classic dipoles. The nature of such vortices has been traditionally explained on the basis of numerical evidence. Here we propose the emerging formation of vortices as the natural minimum energy configuration of interacting (in-plane) two-dimensional dipoles based on the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. As opposed to the quantal case, where spin textures such as skyrmions or bimerons occur due to non-linearities in their Hamiltonian, it is still possible to witness classic topological structures due only to the nature of the dipole–dipole force. We shall present other (new) topological structures for the in-plane honeycomb lattice, as well as for two-dimensional out-of-plane dipoles. These structures will prove to be essential in the minimum energy configurations for three-dimensional simple hexagonal and hexagonal-closed-packed structures, whose energies in the bulk are obtained for the first time. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7893179/ /pubmed/33603046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83359-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Batle, Josep
Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_full Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_fullStr Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_full_unstemmed Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_short Topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
title_sort topological structures, spontaneous symmetry breaking and energy spectra in dipole hexagonal lattices
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7893179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33603046
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83359-x
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