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Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept

PURPOSE: To improve the acceptance and compliance of treatment of amblyopia, the aim of this study was to show that it is feasible to design an electronic frame for context-sensitive liquid crystal glasses, which can measure the state of wear position in a robust manner and detect distinct motion pa...

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Autores principales: Januschowski, Kai, Ihmig, Frank R., Koch, Timo, Velten, Thomas, Rickmann, Annekatrin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606776
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247389
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author Januschowski, Kai
Ihmig, Frank R.
Koch, Timo
Velten, Thomas
Rickmann, Annekatrin
author_facet Januschowski, Kai
Ihmig, Frank R.
Koch, Timo
Velten, Thomas
Rickmann, Annekatrin
author_sort Januschowski, Kai
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To improve the acceptance and compliance of treatment of amblyopia, the aim of this study was to show that it is feasible to design an electronic frame for context-sensitive liquid crystal glasses, which can measure the state of wear position in a robust manner and detect distinct motion patterns for activity recognition. METHODS: Different temple designs with integrated temperature and capacitive sensors were developed to realize the detection of the state of wear position to distinguish three states (correct position/wrong position/glasses taken off). The electronic glasses frame was further designed as a tool for accelerometer data acquisition, which was used for algorithm development for activity classification. For this purpose, training data of 20 voluntary healthy adult subjects (5 females, 15 males) were recorded and a 10-fold cross-validation was computed for classifier selection. In order to perform functional testing of the electronic glasses frame, a proof of concept study was performed in a small group of healthy adults. Four healthy adult subjects (2 females, 2 males) were included to wear the electronic glasses frame and to protocol their activities in their everyday life according to a defined test protocol. Individual and averaged results for the precision of the state of wear position detection and of the activity recognition were calculated. RESULTS: Context-sensitive control algorithms were developed which detected the state of wear position and activity in a proof of concept. The pilot study revealed an average of 91.4% agreement of the detected states of wear position. The activity recognition match was 82.2% when applying an additional filter criterion. Removing the glasses was always detected 100% correctly. CONCLUSION: The principles investigated are suitable for detecting the glasses’ state of wear position and for recognizing the wearer´s activity in a smart glasses concept.
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spelling pubmed-78953662021-03-01 Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept Januschowski, Kai Ihmig, Frank R. Koch, Timo Velten, Thomas Rickmann, Annekatrin PLoS One Research Article PURPOSE: To improve the acceptance and compliance of treatment of amblyopia, the aim of this study was to show that it is feasible to design an electronic frame for context-sensitive liquid crystal glasses, which can measure the state of wear position in a robust manner and detect distinct motion patterns for activity recognition. METHODS: Different temple designs with integrated temperature and capacitive sensors were developed to realize the detection of the state of wear position to distinguish three states (correct position/wrong position/glasses taken off). The electronic glasses frame was further designed as a tool for accelerometer data acquisition, which was used for algorithm development for activity classification. For this purpose, training data of 20 voluntary healthy adult subjects (5 females, 15 males) were recorded and a 10-fold cross-validation was computed for classifier selection. In order to perform functional testing of the electronic glasses frame, a proof of concept study was performed in a small group of healthy adults. Four healthy adult subjects (2 females, 2 males) were included to wear the electronic glasses frame and to protocol their activities in their everyday life according to a defined test protocol. Individual and averaged results for the precision of the state of wear position detection and of the activity recognition were calculated. RESULTS: Context-sensitive control algorithms were developed which detected the state of wear position and activity in a proof of concept. The pilot study revealed an average of 91.4% agreement of the detected states of wear position. The activity recognition match was 82.2% when applying an additional filter criterion. Removing the glasses was always detected 100% correctly. CONCLUSION: The principles investigated are suitable for detecting the glasses’ state of wear position and for recognizing the wearer´s activity in a smart glasses concept. Public Library of Science 2021-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7895366/ /pubmed/33606776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247389 Text en © 2021 Januschowski et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Januschowski, Kai
Ihmig, Frank R.
Koch, Timo
Velten, Thomas
Rickmann, Annekatrin
Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title_full Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title_fullStr Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title_full_unstemmed Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title_short Context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—A proof of concept
title_sort context-sensitive smart glasses monitoring wear position and activity for therapy compliance—a proof of concept
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606776
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247389
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