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Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere

The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations natural...

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Autores principales: Harrod, Victoria L., Groves, Russell L., Maurice, Matthew A., Barak, Jeri D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606799
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325
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author Harrod, Victoria L.
Groves, Russell L.
Maurice, Matthew A.
Barak, Jeri D.
author_facet Harrod, Victoria L.
Groves, Russell L.
Maurice, Matthew A.
Barak, Jeri D.
author_sort Harrod, Victoria L.
collection PubMed
description The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations naturally decline in the phyllosphere, a subset of phytophagous insects have recently been identified as biological multipliers, consequently facilitating the growth of bacterial populations. We investigated whether tomato leaves with macroscopic feeding damage, caused by infestation of adult Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), support higher S. enterica populations. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed S. enterica populations in response to thrips feeding by varying insect density, plant age, and the gender of the insect. As a reference control, direct leaf damage analogous to thrips feeding was also evaluated using directed, hydraulic pressure. In a supplementary set series of experiments, groups of F. occidentalis infested tomato plants were later inoculated with S. enterica to determine how prior insect infestation might influence bacterial survival and persistence. Following an infestation period, leaves visibly damaged by adult F. occidentalis supported significantly higher S. enterica populations and resulted in greater amounts of electrolyte leakage (measured as electrical conductivity) than leaves lacking visible feeding damage. Plant age did not significantly influence S. enterica populations or estimates of electrolyte leakage, independent of initial infestation. Additionally, the gender of the insect did not uniquely influence S. enterica population dynamics. Finally, applications of aggressive water bombardment resulted in more electrolyte leakage than leaves damaged by F. occidentalis, yet supported comparable S. enterica populations. Together, this study indicates that F. occidentalis feeding is one of the many potential biological mechanisms creating a more habitable environment for S. enterica.
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spelling pubmed-78953812021-03-01 Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere Harrod, Victoria L. Groves, Russell L. Maurice, Matthew A. Barak, Jeri D. PLoS One Research Article The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations naturally decline in the phyllosphere, a subset of phytophagous insects have recently been identified as biological multipliers, consequently facilitating the growth of bacterial populations. We investigated whether tomato leaves with macroscopic feeding damage, caused by infestation of adult Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), support higher S. enterica populations. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed S. enterica populations in response to thrips feeding by varying insect density, plant age, and the gender of the insect. As a reference control, direct leaf damage analogous to thrips feeding was also evaluated using directed, hydraulic pressure. In a supplementary set series of experiments, groups of F. occidentalis infested tomato plants were later inoculated with S. enterica to determine how prior insect infestation might influence bacterial survival and persistence. Following an infestation period, leaves visibly damaged by adult F. occidentalis supported significantly higher S. enterica populations and resulted in greater amounts of electrolyte leakage (measured as electrical conductivity) than leaves lacking visible feeding damage. Plant age did not significantly influence S. enterica populations or estimates of electrolyte leakage, independent of initial infestation. Additionally, the gender of the insect did not uniquely influence S. enterica population dynamics. Finally, applications of aggressive water bombardment resulted in more electrolyte leakage than leaves damaged by F. occidentalis, yet supported comparable S. enterica populations. Together, this study indicates that F. occidentalis feeding is one of the many potential biological mechanisms creating a more habitable environment for S. enterica. Public Library of Science 2021-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7895381/ /pubmed/33606799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325 Text en © 2021 Harrod et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Harrod, Victoria L.
Groves, Russell L.
Maurice, Matthew A.
Barak, Jeri D.
Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title_full Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title_fullStr Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title_full_unstemmed Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title_short Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
title_sort frankliniella occidentalis facilitate salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606799
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325
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