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Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere
The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations natural...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325 |
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author | Harrod, Victoria L. Groves, Russell L. Maurice, Matthew A. Barak, Jeri D. |
author_facet | Harrod, Victoria L. Groves, Russell L. Maurice, Matthew A. Barak, Jeri D. |
author_sort | Harrod, Victoria L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations naturally decline in the phyllosphere, a subset of phytophagous insects have recently been identified as biological multipliers, consequently facilitating the growth of bacterial populations. We investigated whether tomato leaves with macroscopic feeding damage, caused by infestation of adult Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), support higher S. enterica populations. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed S. enterica populations in response to thrips feeding by varying insect density, plant age, and the gender of the insect. As a reference control, direct leaf damage analogous to thrips feeding was also evaluated using directed, hydraulic pressure. In a supplementary set series of experiments, groups of F. occidentalis infested tomato plants were later inoculated with S. enterica to determine how prior insect infestation might influence bacterial survival and persistence. Following an infestation period, leaves visibly damaged by adult F. occidentalis supported significantly higher S. enterica populations and resulted in greater amounts of electrolyte leakage (measured as electrical conductivity) than leaves lacking visible feeding damage. Plant age did not significantly influence S. enterica populations or estimates of electrolyte leakage, independent of initial infestation. Additionally, the gender of the insect did not uniquely influence S. enterica population dynamics. Finally, applications of aggressive water bombardment resulted in more electrolyte leakage than leaves damaged by F. occidentalis, yet supported comparable S. enterica populations. Together, this study indicates that F. occidentalis feeding is one of the many potential biological mechanisms creating a more habitable environment for S. enterica. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7895381 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78953812021-03-01 Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere Harrod, Victoria L. Groves, Russell L. Maurice, Matthew A. Barak, Jeri D. PLoS One Research Article The human enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1.35 million cases of food borne illnesses annually in the United States. Of these salmonellosis cases, almost half are derived from the consumption of fresh, raw produce. Although epiphytic S. enterica populations naturally decline in the phyllosphere, a subset of phytophagous insects have recently been identified as biological multipliers, consequently facilitating the growth of bacterial populations. We investigated whether tomato leaves with macroscopic feeding damage, caused by infestation of adult Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), support higher S. enterica populations. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed S. enterica populations in response to thrips feeding by varying insect density, plant age, and the gender of the insect. As a reference control, direct leaf damage analogous to thrips feeding was also evaluated using directed, hydraulic pressure. In a supplementary set series of experiments, groups of F. occidentalis infested tomato plants were later inoculated with S. enterica to determine how prior insect infestation might influence bacterial survival and persistence. Following an infestation period, leaves visibly damaged by adult F. occidentalis supported significantly higher S. enterica populations and resulted in greater amounts of electrolyte leakage (measured as electrical conductivity) than leaves lacking visible feeding damage. Plant age did not significantly influence S. enterica populations or estimates of electrolyte leakage, independent of initial infestation. Additionally, the gender of the insect did not uniquely influence S. enterica population dynamics. Finally, applications of aggressive water bombardment resulted in more electrolyte leakage than leaves damaged by F. occidentalis, yet supported comparable S. enterica populations. Together, this study indicates that F. occidentalis feeding is one of the many potential biological mechanisms creating a more habitable environment for S. enterica. Public Library of Science 2021-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7895381/ /pubmed/33606799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325 Text en © 2021 Harrod et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Harrod, Victoria L. Groves, Russell L. Maurice, Matthew A. Barak, Jeri D. Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title | Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title_full | Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title_fullStr | Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title_full_unstemmed | Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title_short | Frankliniella occidentalis facilitate Salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
title_sort | frankliniella occidentalis facilitate salmonella enterica survival in the phyllosphere |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33606799 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247325 |
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