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A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals
Amoeboid cell types are fundamental to animal biology and broadly distributed across animal diversity, but their evolutionary origin is unclear. The closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, display a polarized cell architecture (with an apical flagellum encircled by microvilli) th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33448265 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61037 |
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author | Brunet, Thibaut Albert, Marvin Roman, William Coyle, Maxwell C Spitzer, Danielle C King, Nicole |
author_facet | Brunet, Thibaut Albert, Marvin Roman, William Coyle, Maxwell C Spitzer, Danielle C King, Nicole |
author_sort | Brunet, Thibaut |
collection | PubMed |
description | Amoeboid cell types are fundamental to animal biology and broadly distributed across animal diversity, but their evolutionary origin is unclear. The closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, display a polarized cell architecture (with an apical flagellum encircled by microvilli) that resembles that of epithelial cells and suggests homology, but this architecture differs strikingly from the deformable phenotype of animal amoeboid cells, which instead evoke more distantly related eukaryotes, such as diverse amoebae. Here, we show that choanoflagellates subjected to confinement become amoeboid by retracting their flagella and activating myosin-based motility. This switch allows escape from confinement and is conserved across choanoflagellate diversity. The conservation of the amoeboid cell phenotype across animals and choanoflagellates, together with the conserved role of myosin, is consistent with homology of amoeboid motility in both lineages. We hypothesize that the differentiation between animal epithelial and crawling cells might have evolved from a stress-induced switch between flagellate and amoeboid forms in their single-celled ancestors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7895527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78955272021-02-22 A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals Brunet, Thibaut Albert, Marvin Roman, William Coyle, Maxwell C Spitzer, Danielle C King, Nicole eLife Cell Biology Amoeboid cell types are fundamental to animal biology and broadly distributed across animal diversity, but their evolutionary origin is unclear. The closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, display a polarized cell architecture (with an apical flagellum encircled by microvilli) that resembles that of epithelial cells and suggests homology, but this architecture differs strikingly from the deformable phenotype of animal amoeboid cells, which instead evoke more distantly related eukaryotes, such as diverse amoebae. Here, we show that choanoflagellates subjected to confinement become amoeboid by retracting their flagella and activating myosin-based motility. This switch allows escape from confinement and is conserved across choanoflagellate diversity. The conservation of the amoeboid cell phenotype across animals and choanoflagellates, together with the conserved role of myosin, is consistent with homology of amoeboid motility in both lineages. We hypothesize that the differentiation between animal epithelial and crawling cells might have evolved from a stress-induced switch between flagellate and amoeboid forms in their single-celled ancestors. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7895527/ /pubmed/33448265 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61037 Text en © 2021, Brunet et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Cell Biology Brunet, Thibaut Albert, Marvin Roman, William Coyle, Maxwell C Spitzer, Danielle C King, Nicole A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title | A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title_full | A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title_fullStr | A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title_full_unstemmed | A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title_short | A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
title_sort | flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals |
topic | Cell Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33448265 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61037 |
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