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Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework
The conservation of large carnivores often requires precise and accurate estimates of their populations. Being cryptic and occurring at low population densities, obtaining an unbiased population estimate is difficult in large carnivores. To overcome the uncertainties in the conventional capture–reca...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896501/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643701 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10634 |
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author | Rather, Tahir Ali Kumar, Sharad Khan, Jamal Ahmad |
author_facet | Rather, Tahir Ali Kumar, Sharad Khan, Jamal Ahmad |
author_sort | Rather, Tahir Ali |
collection | PubMed |
description | The conservation of large carnivores often requires precise and accurate estimates of their populations. Being cryptic and occurring at low population densities, obtaining an unbiased population estimate is difficult in large carnivores. To overcome the uncertainties in the conventional capture–recapture (CR) methods used to estimate large carnivore densities, more robust methods such as spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) framework are now widely used. We modeled the CR data of tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in the SECR framework with biotic and abiotic covariates likely believed to influence their densities. An effort of 2,211 trap nights resulted in the capture of 33 and 38 individual tigers and leopards. A total of 95 and 74 detections of tigers and leopards were achieved using 35 pairs of camera traps. Tiger and leopard density were estimated at 4.71 ± 1.20 (3.05–5.11) and 3.03 ± 0.78 (1.85–4.99) per 100 km(2). Our results show that leopard density increased with high road density, high terrain ruggedness and habitats with high percentage of cropland and natural vegetation. The tiger density was positively influenced by the mosaic of cropland and natural vegetation. This study provides the first robust density estimates of tiger and leopard within the study area. Our results support the notion that large carnivores can attain moderate densities within human-dominated regions around protected areas relying on domestic livestock. Broader management strategies aimed at maintaining wild prey in the human-dominated areas around protected areas are necessary for large and endangered carnivores’ sustenance in the buffer zones around protected areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7896501 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78965012021-02-25 Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework Rather, Tahir Ali Kumar, Sharad Khan, Jamal Ahmad PeerJ Biodiversity The conservation of large carnivores often requires precise and accurate estimates of their populations. Being cryptic and occurring at low population densities, obtaining an unbiased population estimate is difficult in large carnivores. To overcome the uncertainties in the conventional capture–recapture (CR) methods used to estimate large carnivore densities, more robust methods such as spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) framework are now widely used. We modeled the CR data of tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in the SECR framework with biotic and abiotic covariates likely believed to influence their densities. An effort of 2,211 trap nights resulted in the capture of 33 and 38 individual tigers and leopards. A total of 95 and 74 detections of tigers and leopards were achieved using 35 pairs of camera traps. Tiger and leopard density were estimated at 4.71 ± 1.20 (3.05–5.11) and 3.03 ± 0.78 (1.85–4.99) per 100 km(2). Our results show that leopard density increased with high road density, high terrain ruggedness and habitats with high percentage of cropland and natural vegetation. The tiger density was positively influenced by the mosaic of cropland and natural vegetation. This study provides the first robust density estimates of tiger and leopard within the study area. Our results support the notion that large carnivores can attain moderate densities within human-dominated regions around protected areas relying on domestic livestock. Broader management strategies aimed at maintaining wild prey in the human-dominated areas around protected areas are necessary for large and endangered carnivores’ sustenance in the buffer zones around protected areas. PeerJ Inc. 2021-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7896501/ /pubmed/33643701 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10634 Text en © 2021 Rather et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Biodiversity Rather, Tahir Ali Kumar, Sharad Khan, Jamal Ahmad Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title | Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title_full | Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title_fullStr | Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title_full_unstemmed | Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title_short | Density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
title_sort | density estimation of tiger and leopard using spatially explicit capture–recapture framework |
topic | Biodiversity |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896501/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643701 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10634 |
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