Clinical characteristics of perineal endometriosis: A case series

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of perineal endometriosis (PEM) is low among women with endometriosis (EM) treated by surgery. It manifests as hard or cystic nodules with pain in the perineal wounds and surrounding areas. Implantation theory is regarded as the main pathogenesis of PEM. There are few clinical studies on the incidence and clinical characteristics of PEM. This study aims to summarize the clinical data of 14 PEM cases and analyze the factors that may be related to the incubation period and pain. AIM: To analyze the medical history, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and treatment effect of PEM. METHODS: The present study is a case series. We collected the clinical data and follow-up data of 14 patients with PEM who visited The International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2009 to December 2019. Paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 14 patients included had a history of vaginal delivery. All patients underwent PEM lesion resection. Three patients were treated by levator ani muscle repair at the same time and 1 patient underwent extensive PEM lesion resection and anal sphincter repair. Body mass index (BMI) at delivery and BMI within 1 mo after delivery were negatively correlated with the latent period, respectively (R(2) = 0.53/0.86, P < 0.05). The average visual analog scale score in lesions at the third month after surgery was 0.57 ± 1.28 for all patients, which was significantly lower than that prior to surgery (P < 0.05). One patient relapsed during the sixth month after surgery, and to date, no recurrence occurred after the second surgery. CONCLUSION: The higher the BMI during delivery and within 1 mo after delivery, the shorter the incubation period of PEM. It is very important to evaluate the location of lesions before surgery. Surgical resection of the lesion is the best treatment for PEM and results in significant alleviation of symptoms. Therefore, following the diagnosis of PEM, immediate surgery is recommended.