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Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) reduces enteric methane emissions and could be a source of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant feeds. Nonetheless, it has a potential toxic effect that could compromise animal health and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progres...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Veterinary World
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33642787 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.61-69 |
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author | Ortiz-Chura, Abimael Marcoppido, Gisela Gere, José Depetris, Gustavo Stefañuk, Francisco Trangoni, Marcos D. Cravero, Silvio L. Faverín, Claudia Cataldi, Angel Cerón-Cucchi, María E. |
author_facet | Ortiz-Chura, Abimael Marcoppido, Gisela Gere, José Depetris, Gustavo Stefañuk, Francisco Trangoni, Marcos D. Cravero, Silvio L. Faverín, Claudia Cataldi, Angel Cerón-Cucchi, María E. |
author_sort | Ortiz-Chura, Abimael |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) reduces enteric methane emissions and could be a source of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant feeds. Nonetheless, it has a potential toxic effect that could compromise animal health and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet on the hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters, in turn, the effects on feed intake and live weight gain (LWG) in Holstein calves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen Holstein heifers and steers (nine animals/treatment) were maintained in individual pens for 45 days. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control or nitrate diet (ND) (containing 15 g of NO(3)(-)/kg of dry matter [DM]). The biochemical parameters and blood gases were analyzed only in the NO(3)(-) group on days: -1, 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 corresponding to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the total inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet, respectively. In addition, DM intake (DMI) and LWG were evaluated among dietary treatments. RESULTS: Feeding the ND did not influence DMI or LWG (p>0.05). Methemoglobin (MetHb) and deoxyhemoglobin increased according to the NO(3)(-) concentrations in the diet (p<0.05), while an opposite effect was observed for oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin (p<0.05). Hematocrit levels decreased (p<0.05), while albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were not modified (p>0.05). However, glucose, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and retinol concentrations increased (p<0.05) according to the NO(3)(-) concentrations in the diet. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that the progressive inclusion of 123 g of NO(3)(-)/animal/day in the diet could be safe without affecting DMI and LWG of Holstein calves. In turn, a dose-response effect of the MetHb, glucose, urea, AST, and retinol was observed, but these values did not exceed reference values. These results highlighted the importance of using a scheme of progressive inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet of calves to reduce the risks of NO(3)(-) toxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7896885 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Veterinary World |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78968852021-02-26 Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves Ortiz-Chura, Abimael Marcoppido, Gisela Gere, José Depetris, Gustavo Stefañuk, Francisco Trangoni, Marcos D. Cravero, Silvio L. Faverín, Claudia Cataldi, Angel Cerón-Cucchi, María E. Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) reduces enteric methane emissions and could be a source of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant feeds. Nonetheless, it has a potential toxic effect that could compromise animal health and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet on the hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters, in turn, the effects on feed intake and live weight gain (LWG) in Holstein calves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen Holstein heifers and steers (nine animals/treatment) were maintained in individual pens for 45 days. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control or nitrate diet (ND) (containing 15 g of NO(3)(-)/kg of dry matter [DM]). The biochemical parameters and blood gases were analyzed only in the NO(3)(-) group on days: -1, 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 corresponding to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the total inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet, respectively. In addition, DM intake (DMI) and LWG were evaluated among dietary treatments. RESULTS: Feeding the ND did not influence DMI or LWG (p>0.05). Methemoglobin (MetHb) and deoxyhemoglobin increased according to the NO(3)(-) concentrations in the diet (p<0.05), while an opposite effect was observed for oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin (p<0.05). Hematocrit levels decreased (p<0.05), while albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were not modified (p>0.05). However, glucose, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and retinol concentrations increased (p<0.05) according to the NO(3)(-) concentrations in the diet. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that the progressive inclusion of 123 g of NO(3)(-)/animal/day in the diet could be safe without affecting DMI and LWG of Holstein calves. In turn, a dose-response effect of the MetHb, glucose, urea, AST, and retinol was observed, but these values did not exceed reference values. These results highlighted the importance of using a scheme of progressive inclusion of NO(3)(-) in the diet of calves to reduce the risks of NO(3)(-) toxicity. Veterinary World 2021-01 2021-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7896885/ /pubmed/33642787 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.61-69 Text en Copyright: © Ortiz-Chura, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ortiz-Chura, Abimael Marcoppido, Gisela Gere, José Depetris, Gustavo Stefañuk, Francisco Trangoni, Marcos D. Cravero, Silvio L. Faverín, Claudia Cataldi, Angel Cerón-Cucchi, María E. Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title | Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title_full | Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title_fullStr | Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title_short | Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves |
title_sort | changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of holstein calves |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7896885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33642787 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.61-69 |
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